Interestingly, limited data from the 2003 SARS outbreak had shown no signs of vertical transmission (1113) and no evidence of SARS in human milk (13, 14). JAMA Pediatr. *Correspondence: Johannes B. van Goudoever, h.vangoudoever@amsterdamumc.nl, Addressing the Clinical Need to Improve Breastfeeding Outcomes in the Covid-19 Era and Beyond, http://hopkinshumanitarianhealth.org/empower/advocacy/covid19/covid-19-children-and-nutrition/, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331446/WHO-2019-nCoV-clinical-2020.4eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810913.x, 50. Evidence-based protocols and programs dedicated to the initiation and maintenance of lactation are well-established and have been shown to improve breastfeeding outcomes (58, 67). Breastfeed Med. The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. Peahl AF, Smith RD, Moniz MH. Markwei M, Goje O. Optimizing mother-baby wellness during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic: a case for telemedicine. Breastfeed Med. (2017) 114:41218. Questions? doi: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000672, 5. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2017.03.007, 66. A double-edged sword-telemedicine for maternal care during COVID-19: Findings from a global mixed-methods study of healthcare providers. Similar to antenatal support, telehealth or virtual strategies are one way of bridging the post-discharge follow-up gap and may be a way of creating an on-call, 24/7 support service for new mothers. World Breastfeeding Week is an opportunity to showcase the positive benefits of breastfeeding (where possible) and drive the noise away from the harmful marketing tactics used by the formula industry. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000931, 74. (2016) 16:90. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0876-1, 57. Parry KC, Tully KP, Hopper LN, Schildkamp PE, Labbok MH. In conjunction with the adaptation of in-hospital care practices to protect and support lactation, attention must also be given to post-discharge care. lblack@aap.org, AAP identifies stigma, lack of support and workplace barriers as obstacles that hinder continued breastfeeding. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice. This consensus guidance summarizes best practice for the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of trials of breast milk substitutes. Perhaps now, more than previously, it is important for healthcare professionals to acknowledge the value of such antenatal planning as well as staff education related to policy and protocol development. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. Improving human milk and breastfeeding rates in a perinatal hospital in japan: a quality improvement project. Human milk is all a baby needs for the first six months of life, said Joan Younger Meek, MD, MS, RD, FAAP, FABM, IBCLC, lead author of the reports, written by the AAP Section on Breastfeeding. Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.005, 68. Matern Child Nutr. Available online at: http://hopkinshumanitarianhealth.org/empower/advocacy/covid19/covid-19-children-and-nutrition/. Lastly, in response to accelerated discharge protocols, there is a need to remodel post discharge support, in particular to embrace new modalities of interaction with mothers, whilst taking into account both their breastfeeding and mental health requirements. Ronchi A, Pietrasanta C, Zavattoni M, Saruggia M, Schena F, Sinelli MT, et al. The policy also notes that children of gender-diverse parents may have less access to human milk because of both social and biological constraints. Improving human milk and breastfeeding practices in the NICU. (2021) 6:e004575. Content on this website is for information only. Shek CC, Ng PC, Fung GPG, Cheng FWT, Chan PKS, Peiris MJS, et al. We know globally, breastfeeding rates are low, so in the first guidance report, WHO surveyed 8,500 parents, pregnant women and health workers on their exposure to formula milk marketing in a range of countries such as China, Mexico and the United Kingdom. The impact of COVID-19 on public health around the world has been profound. The current pandemic has provided a tremendous impact on global public health measures. Copyright 2022 American Academy of Pediatrics. 
A positive outcome from the optimization of antenatal care is the development of a comprehensive breastfeeding plan. Emerg Infect Dis. Joint statement by UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell and WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on the occasion of World Breastfeeding Week, Launch of the COVID-19 impact on nutrition Analytical Framework, WHO reveals shocking extent of exploitative formula milk marketing, More than half of parents and pregnant women exposed to aggressive formula milk marketing WHO, UNICEF, Webinar series: the problem with the formula milk industry, Launch of new WHO report on the scope and impact of digital marketing for the promotion of breast-milk substitutes, Call for proposals Support for the development of WHO guidelines on donor human milk banking, Call for proposals BFHI Internal Monitoring Manual, Call for consultant on Infant and Young Child Feeding. JAMA Pediatr. Lactation (breastfeeding) and cancer risk, For mothers: breastfeed your baby, if you can, Five things we learnt from WHOs 150th Executive Board meeting, Protecting Breastfeeding promoting infant-formula marketing restrictions: taking action during World Breastfeeding Week, Breastfeeding is like learning to drive only harder, Experts gather to tackle childhood obesity in Europe, Nice to finally meet you in 3D in-person meetings are back, A powerful tool to strengthen our understanding of the evidence in nutrition and cancer, Prevention must be at the heart of the UKs new cancer plan. All Rights Reserved. Spatz DL. Gozzi N, Bajardi P, Perra N. The importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Jordan SS. Small Ultrasound Stickers to See Inside the Body, Wild Horses from Spanish Galleon Shipwreck, COVID-19: Wildlife Sales at Chinese Market, How Cells Move Faster Through Mucus Than Blood, First Stars Seen Through Fog of Early Universe, Why Jupiter Doesn't Have Rings Like Saturn, Breastfeeding Reduces Mothers Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Breastfeeding, Even for a Few Days, Linked to Lower Blood Pressure in Early Childhood, New Research Shows Marijuana THC Stays in Breast Milk for Six Weeks, New Safe-Sleep Guidelines Aim to Reduce Infant Deaths, Breastfeeding Duration Associated With Cognition, Longer Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding Has Protective Effect on Childhood Asthma, Study Reveals the Dynamics of Human Milk Production, Antibiotic and Antiretroviral Drug Effects on Breast Milk Are Explored for Mothers Living With HIV, Genetic Mutation May Identify Women With Difficulty Producing Breast Milk, Vaccinated Women Pass COVID-19 Antibodies to Breastfeeding Babies, Study Finds, New Study Suggests That Breastfeeding May Help Prevent Cognitive Decline, Breast Milk of Marijuana Users Does Not Hurt Short-Term Health of Early Premature Infants, Long-Term Effects Still Unknown, Breast Milk of Mothers Who Received COVID-19 Vaccine Contains Antibodies That Fight Illness. The second report covers the digital space and persuasive techniques used to promote infant formula through websites, social media, and email communication to name a few. Groovy Rhythm Improves Cognitive Performance in Groove Enjoyers. Target clinical practice areas to address in order to maintain the promotion and protection of human milk and breastfeeding in a post COVID-19 era. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.09.21249480, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 2. (2021) 110:935936. This should also not preclude the use of any of these evidence-based practices known to improve the initiation of lactation (27, 68, 69), especially since robust and specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in human milk produced by women with COVID-19 (14, 19). Spatz DL. Ferraz Dos Santos L, Borges RF, de Azambuja DA. Promoting breastfeeding and the marketing of formula milk substitutes is something we have spoken about at the highest level of public health at WHO. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our, To register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles, Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00), 2022 American Medical Association. Int Breastfeed J. That culture will also support active management of the initiation of lactation and the development of a 'back-up plan' toolkit to support the mother experiencing lactation difficulties. Pediatr. This cohort study measures -9-tetrahydrocannabinol levels in breast milk and serum samples from women who were newly abstinent from marijuana and had just delivered an infant. Watson R. Covid-19: EU looks to speed up vaccine rollout. Semin Perinatol. Infants should be breastfed on demand that is as often as the child wants, day and night. Cregan M, Mello T de, Kershaw D, McDougall K, Hartmann PE. (2020) 15:698702. JG serves as member of the National Health Council and is also director of the Dutch National Human Milk Bank. SARS during pregnancy, United States. doi: 10.1542/peds.112.3.607, 56. Breastfeed Med. As discharge timeframes have shortened significantly (31), although not universally (5) and lactation support staff and education has been reduced (22), post discharge clinical support for breastfeeding is more important than ever before. Efforts to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 initially relied on non-pharmacological public health interventions (1, 2), although vaccine distribution is currently increasing dramatically (3). There are continued benefits from breastfeeding beyond 1 year, and up to 2 years especially in the mother. (2020) 23:101735. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101735, 20. doi: 10.1111/birt.12393, 39. The first report details marketing techniques used by the formula milk industry, many of which are unethical, misleading, and not grounded in scientific evidence. Initiation of lactation in women after preterm delivery. This study aims to compare the antibody response in human milk after vaccination with mRNA-based and vector-based vaccines. doi: 10.1111/1552-6909.12566, 60. Nommsen-Rivers LA, Chantry CJ, Peerson JM, Cohen RJ, Dewey KG. As such, it is important to establish an institutional culture that prioritizes the use of human milk (64) to facilitate the implementation of interventions supporting breastfeeding. Evaluation of ready, set, BABY: a prenatal breastfeeding education and counseling approach. Balogun OO, O'Sullivan EJ, McFadden A, Ota E, Gavine A, Garner CD, et al. Tomori C, Gribble K, Palmquist AEL, Ververs M-T, Gross MS. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. (2020) 150:184188. Kotlyar AM, Grechukhina O, Chen A, Popkhadze S, Grimshaw A, Tal O, et al. Furthermore, ~73% of the surveyed hospitals discharged new mothers within 48 h. In all, ~12% of hospitals reported a decrease in breastfeeding rates (31). doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30217-0, 55. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004575, 45. (2010) 92:57484. Matern Child Nutr. Sci Rep. (2021) 28:13403. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92636-8, 3. All Rights Reserved. Of particular importance is the immediate post discharge period, especially considering the Academy of Breastfeeding current recommendation that all breastfed infants be seen by a healthcare provider at 35 days of life or within 4872 h of discharge (71). Up to what age can a baby stay well nourished by just being breastfed? Changing institutional culture to value human milk. Guideline: counselling of women to improve breastfeeding practices, Guidance on ending the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children: Implementation manual, Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services, Guideline: updates on HIV and infant feeding: the duration of breastfeeding, and support from health services to improve feeding practices among mothers living with HIV, WHA69.8 United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (20162025), WHA 69.9 Ending inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young child, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, and Ageing, How the marketing of formula milk influences our decisions on infant feeding, Global Targets 2025: To improve maternal, infant and young child nutrition, WHO/UNICEF information note: cross-promotion of infant formula and toddler milks, Capture the moment - Early initiation of breastfeeding: the best start for every newborn, The Lancet Series on the Double Burden of Malnutrition. Schmied V, Beake S, Sheehan A, McCourt C, Dykes F. Women's perceptions and experiences of breastfeeding support: a metasynthesis. 
It is therefore important to also address breast pump usage requirements within a COVID-19 framework (69), particularly the establishment of dedicated protocols to facilitate pump set up as well as cleaning. (2020) 37:S14. 72. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee, Learn about Nutrition and Food Safety and COVID-19, Newborns: improving survival and well-being. New Breath-Driven Concept Set to Transform Access to Hand Prosthetics, Organoid Production Breakthrough to Help Accelerate Disease and Drug Development Research, Songbird Can Keep Time With the Best of Them, Wireless Activation of Targeted Brain Circuits in Less Than One Second, Stress Transmitter Wakes Your Brain More Than 100 Times a Night -- And It Is Perfectly Normal, Exploring Factors That May Underlie How Domestic Cats Can Live in Groups, Scent of a Friend: Similarities in Body Odor May Contribute to Social Bonding, Turn Up the Beat! Accessibility Statement, Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. Galle A, Semaan A, Huysmans E, Audet C, Asefa A, Delvaux T, et al. There are roughly 90 social media posts a day by formula milk companies reaching 229 million users. (2020) 15:53845. (2021) 224:3553.e3. The introduction of extensive anti-breastfeeding practices early in the course of the pandemic was a consequence of the lack of information and preparedness in developing recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants (10). Spatz DL. Pediatrics. 
Vu Hoang D, Cashin J, Gribble K, Marinelli K, Mathisen R. Misalignment of global COVID-19 breastfeeding and newborn care guidelines with World Health Organization recommendations. Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, Franca GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Such a plan forms the intersection between maternal education/readiness and facility preparedness (i.e., the implementation of breastfeeding promoting protocols and processes), with respect to the early postpartum support of breastfeeding. Parker MG, Patel AL. Evaluation of rooming-in practice for neonates born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Italy. WHOs Network for Global Monitoring and Support for Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, also known as NetCode, works to ensure that breast-milk substitutes are not marketed inappropriately. Virtual Lactation Support for Breastfeeding Mothers During the Early Postpartum Period [DNP Scholarly Project]. Center for Humanitarian Health Johns Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Centre for Humanitarian Health Johns Hopkins University USA. Feinstein J, Slora EJ, Bernstein HH. Riddle SW, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Birth and breastfeeding in the hospital setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women who breastfeed also have a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13010, 36. Recognizing and treating delayed or failed lactogenesis II. Griffin LB, Lpez JD, Ranney ML, Macones GA, Cahill AG, Lewkowitz AK. (2020). Lastly, recognized protocols for the storage and use of the collected milk also need to be set in place. Home - Public Policy - Breastfeeding across the world in 2022. Additionally, WHO provides training courses for health workers to provide skilled support to breastfeeding mothers, help them overcome problems, and monitor the growth of children. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0353, 35. 2022 American Medical Association. As part of World Breastfeeding Week 2022, our Policy and Public Affairs Officer Jennifer OMara looks into the levels of lactation around the world, in particular her home country of Ireland, and explores how rates can be increased where possible, given the health benefits for both mother and child. Birth. Perspectives from key stakeholder groups, including lactation researchers, neonatologists, pediatricians, midwives, and nursing professionals were sought in order to identify and highlight key issues. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. Of particular concern was the issue of vertical transmission between mother and infant. of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) and Digital technologies are increasingly used for marketing food products throughout the world. (2015) 24:16070. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7. Pediatr Res. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322463, 21. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 
doi: 10.1089/bfm.2015.0141, 67. (2016) 36:4939. Indeed, the use of virtual strategies to improve breastfeeding outcomes has been shown to be positive (74) can work in both large class as well as small group formats (75) and can also be incorporated in a pediatric outpatient setting (76). doi: 10.2196/17361, 47. 1):3646. Breastfeed Med. As such, these data actually shift the perception of human milk away from being a risk to being a protective element for the newborn infant. All Rights Reserved, Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography, Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience, Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment, Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine. Although the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Viet Nam breastfeeding campaign normalizes practice, improves rates. WHO actively promotes breastfeeding as the best source of nourishment for infants and young children, and is working to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months up to at least 50% by 2025. WHO and UNICEF created the Global Breastfeeding Collective to rally political, legal, financial, and public support for breastfeeding. Froh EB, Schwarz J, Spatz DL. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. This study assesses the immunogenicity of the current COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in pregnant and lactating women against both the original SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain as well as against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern. Delayed onset of lactogenesis among first-time mothers is related to maternal obesity and factors associated with ineffective breastfeeding. (2020) 16:e13010. 
doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0012, 49. (2020) 22:e17361. 
(2003) 112:60719. 30. (2021) 106:112113. In particular, the impact on breastfeeding has been significant with several reports documenting how breastfeeding promotion and support services have been jeopardized by specific changes to both hospital and public health practices (22, 25, 26). Krogstad P, Contreras D, Ng H, Tobin N, Chambers CD, Bertrand K, et al. Most high-income countries have adopted legislation or regulations to support breastfeeding, yet, disappointingly, many do not take into consideration the availability and accessibility of breastfeeding in public and workspaces. (2021) 16:61423. Bauerl C, Randazzo W, Snchez G, Selma-Royo M, Garca Verdevio E, Martnez L, et al. 62. Research has shown that breastfeeding is linked to decreased rates of lower respiratory tract infections, severe diarrhea, ear infections and obesity. Geneva: World Health Organization (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0290-2, 48. We hope the new guidance from WHO will encourage governments to take even further action to promote breastfeeding. In addition, antibodies have been found in human milk following vaccination of lactating women (21). The response by the research and medical communities has been swift, for example, there were over 6000 research articles focused solely on the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health and nutrition published in the 15 months from the start of the pandemic in February until April 30, 2021 (6). As cautioned by Spatz et al. (2011) 38:4960. 
BMJ Nutr Prev Health. In this regard, it has been recommended that in place of in-person visits, breastfeeding support should be provided via telehealth services (73). The negative influence of new hospital postnatal practices on the general population of new mothers has been clearly documented in a tertiary level maternity hospital in Italy, where exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge fell to 69.4% during lockdown compared to 97.7% during the pre-pandemic period (30). This randomized clinical trial assesses the impact of a brief home-visiting approach, Family Spirit Nurture, on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, responsive parenting and infant feeding practices, and optimal infant growth through 12 months post partum. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.049, 18. Darcy Mahoney A, White RD, Velasquez A, Barrett TS, Clark RH, Ahmad KA. Int Breastfeed J. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13249. Prenatal care redesign: Creating flexible maternity care models through virtual care. Lactation outcomes among dyads following participation in a model of group prenatal care for patients with prenatally diagnosed fetal anomalies. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n730, 4. 
Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) When COVID-19 Disease Is Suspected: Interim Guidance. Telehealth can promote breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Impact of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection on breastfeeding due to infant separation at birth. (2020) 323:24689. Copyright 2022 van Goudoever, Spatz, Hoban, Dumitriu, Gyamfi-Bannerman, Berns, McKechnie and Davanzo. Am J Perinatol. Such exposures reached 84% of women in the United Kingdom and 97% in China, impacting the likelihood of using formula milk. This randomized clinical trial investigates whether fortification of expressed breast milk by preterm formula powder is noninferior to fortification by human milk fortifier, in terms of short-term weight gain, in very low-birth-weight neonates.
A positive outcome from the optimization of antenatal care is the development of a comprehensive breastfeeding plan. Emerg Infect Dis. Joint statement by UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell and WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on the occasion of World Breastfeeding Week, Launch of the COVID-19 impact on nutrition Analytical Framework, WHO reveals shocking extent of exploitative formula milk marketing, More than half of parents and pregnant women exposed to aggressive formula milk marketing WHO, UNICEF, Webinar series: the problem with the formula milk industry, Launch of new WHO report on the scope and impact of digital marketing for the promotion of breast-milk substitutes, Call for proposals Support for the development of WHO guidelines on donor human milk banking, Call for proposals BFHI Internal Monitoring Manual, Call for consultant on Infant and Young Child Feeding. JAMA Pediatr. Lactation (breastfeeding) and cancer risk, For mothers: breastfeed your baby, if you can, Five things we learnt from WHOs 150th Executive Board meeting, Protecting Breastfeeding promoting infant-formula marketing restrictions: taking action during World Breastfeeding Week, Breastfeeding is like learning to drive only harder, Experts gather to tackle childhood obesity in Europe, Nice to finally meet you in 3D in-person meetings are back, A powerful tool to strengthen our understanding of the evidence in nutrition and cancer, Prevention must be at the heart of the UKs new cancer plan. All Rights Reserved. Spatz DL. Gozzi N, Bajardi P, Perra N. The importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Jordan SS. Small Ultrasound Stickers to See Inside the Body, Wild Horses from Spanish Galleon Shipwreck, COVID-19: Wildlife Sales at Chinese Market, How Cells Move Faster Through Mucus Than Blood, First Stars Seen Through Fog of Early Universe, Why Jupiter Doesn't Have Rings Like Saturn, Breastfeeding Reduces Mothers Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Breastfeeding, Even for a Few Days, Linked to Lower Blood Pressure in Early Childhood, New Research Shows Marijuana THC Stays in Breast Milk for Six Weeks, New Safe-Sleep Guidelines Aim to Reduce Infant Deaths, Breastfeeding Duration Associated With Cognition, Longer Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding Has Protective Effect on Childhood Asthma, Study Reveals the Dynamics of Human Milk Production, Antibiotic and Antiretroviral Drug Effects on Breast Milk Are Explored for Mothers Living With HIV, Genetic Mutation May Identify Women With Difficulty Producing Breast Milk, Vaccinated Women Pass COVID-19 Antibodies to Breastfeeding Babies, Study Finds, New Study Suggests That Breastfeeding May Help Prevent Cognitive Decline, Breast Milk of Marijuana Users Does Not Hurt Short-Term Health of Early Premature Infants, Long-Term Effects Still Unknown, Breast Milk of Mothers Who Received COVID-19 Vaccine Contains Antibodies That Fight Illness. The second report covers the digital space and persuasive techniques used to promote infant formula through websites, social media, and email communication to name a few. Groovy Rhythm Improves Cognitive Performance in Groove Enjoyers. Target clinical practice areas to address in order to maintain the promotion and protection of human milk and breastfeeding in a post COVID-19 era. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.09.21249480, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 2. (2021) 110:935936. This should also not preclude the use of any of these evidence-based practices known to improve the initiation of lactation (27, 68, 69), especially since robust and specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in human milk produced by women with COVID-19 (14, 19). Spatz DL. Ferraz Dos Santos L, Borges RF, de Azambuja DA. Promoting breastfeeding and the marketing of formula milk substitutes is something we have spoken about at the highest level of public health at WHO. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our, To register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles, Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00), 2022 American Medical Association. Int Breastfeed J. That culture will also support active management of the initiation of lactation and the development of a 'back-up plan' toolkit to support the mother experiencing lactation difficulties. Pediatr. This cohort study measures -9-tetrahydrocannabinol levels in breast milk and serum samples from women who were newly abstinent from marijuana and had just delivered an infant. Watson R. Covid-19: EU looks to speed up vaccine rollout. Semin Perinatol. Infants should be breastfed on demand that is as often as the child wants, day and night. Cregan M, Mello T de, Kershaw D, McDougall K, Hartmann PE. (2020) 15:698702. JG serves as member of the National Health Council and is also director of the Dutch National Human Milk Bank. SARS during pregnancy, United States. doi: 10.1542/peds.112.3.607, 56. Breastfeed Med. As discharge timeframes have shortened significantly (31), although not universally (5) and lactation support staff and education has been reduced (22), post discharge clinical support for breastfeeding is more important than ever before. Efforts to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 initially relied on non-pharmacological public health interventions (1, 2), although vaccine distribution is currently increasing dramatically (3). There are continued benefits from breastfeeding beyond 1 year, and up to 2 years especially in the mother. (2020) 23:101735. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101735, 20. doi: 10.1111/birt.12393, 39. The first report details marketing techniques used by the formula milk industry, many of which are unethical, misleading, and not grounded in scientific evidence. Initiation of lactation in women after preterm delivery. This study aims to compare the antibody response in human milk after vaccination with mRNA-based and vector-based vaccines. doi: 10.1111/1552-6909.12566, 60. Nommsen-Rivers LA, Chantry CJ, Peerson JM, Cohen RJ, Dewey KG. As such, it is important to establish an institutional culture that prioritizes the use of human milk (64) to facilitate the implementation of interventions supporting breastfeeding. Evaluation of ready, set, BABY: a prenatal breastfeeding education and counseling approach. Balogun OO, O'Sullivan EJ, McFadden A, Ota E, Gavine A, Garner CD, et al. Tomori C, Gribble K, Palmquist AEL, Ververs M-T, Gross MS. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. (2020) 150:184188. Kotlyar AM, Grechukhina O, Chen A, Popkhadze S, Grimshaw A, Tal O, et al. Furthermore, ~73% of the surveyed hospitals discharged new mothers within 48 h. In all, ~12% of hospitals reported a decrease in breastfeeding rates (31). doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30217-0, 55. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004575, 45. (2010) 92:57484. Matern Child Nutr. Sci Rep. (2021) 28:13403. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92636-8, 3. All Rights Reserved. Of particular importance is the immediate post discharge period, especially considering the Academy of Breastfeeding current recommendation that all breastfed infants be seen by a healthcare provider at 35 days of life or within 4872 h of discharge (71). Up to what age can a baby stay well nourished by just being breastfed? Changing institutional culture to value human milk. Guideline: counselling of women to improve breastfeeding practices, Guidance on ending the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children: Implementation manual, Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services, Guideline: updates on HIV and infant feeding: the duration of breastfeeding, and support from health services to improve feeding practices among mothers living with HIV, WHA69.8 United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (20162025), WHA 69.9 Ending inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young child, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, and Ageing, How the marketing of formula milk influences our decisions on infant feeding, Global Targets 2025: To improve maternal, infant and young child nutrition, WHO/UNICEF information note: cross-promotion of infant formula and toddler milks, Capture the moment - Early initiation of breastfeeding: the best start for every newborn, The Lancet Series on the Double Burden of Malnutrition. Schmied V, Beake S, Sheehan A, McCourt C, Dykes F. Women's perceptions and experiences of breastfeeding support: a metasynthesis. It is therefore important to also address breast pump usage requirements within a COVID-19 framework (69), particularly the establishment of dedicated protocols to facilitate pump set up as well as cleaning. (2020) 37:S14. 72. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee, Learn about Nutrition and Food Safety and COVID-19, Newborns: improving survival and well-being. New Breath-Driven Concept Set to Transform Access to Hand Prosthetics, Organoid Production Breakthrough to Help Accelerate Disease and Drug Development Research, Songbird Can Keep Time With the Best of Them, Wireless Activation of Targeted Brain Circuits in Less Than One Second, Stress Transmitter Wakes Your Brain More Than 100 Times a Night -- And It Is Perfectly Normal, Exploring Factors That May Underlie How Domestic Cats Can Live in Groups, Scent of a Friend: Similarities in Body Odor May Contribute to Social Bonding, Turn Up the Beat! Accessibility Statement, Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. Galle A, Semaan A, Huysmans E, Audet C, Asefa A, Delvaux T, et al. There are roughly 90 social media posts a day by formula milk companies reaching 229 million users. (2020) 15:53845. (2021) 224:3553.e3. The introduction of extensive anti-breastfeeding practices early in the course of the pandemic was a consequence of the lack of information and preparedness in developing recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants (10). Spatz DL. Pediatrics. Vu Hoang D, Cashin J, Gribble K, Marinelli K, Mathisen R. Misalignment of global COVID-19 breastfeeding and newborn care guidelines with World Health Organization recommendations. Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, Franca GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Such a plan forms the intersection between maternal education/readiness and facility preparedness (i.e., the implementation of breastfeeding promoting protocols and processes), with respect to the early postpartum support of breastfeeding. Parker MG, Patel AL. Evaluation of rooming-in practice for neonates born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Italy. WHOs Network for Global Monitoring and Support for Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, also known as NetCode, works to ensure that breast-milk substitutes are not marketed inappropriately. Virtual Lactation Support for Breastfeeding Mothers During the Early Postpartum Period [DNP Scholarly Project]. Center for Humanitarian Health Johns Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Centre for Humanitarian Health Johns Hopkins University USA. Feinstein J, Slora EJ, Bernstein HH. Riddle SW, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Birth and breastfeeding in the hospital setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women who breastfeed also have a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13010, 36. Recognizing and treating delayed or failed lactogenesis II. Griffin LB, Lpez JD, Ranney ML, Macones GA, Cahill AG, Lewkowitz AK. (2020). Lastly, recognized protocols for the storage and use of the collected milk also need to be set in place. Home - Public Policy - Breastfeeding across the world in 2022. Additionally, WHO provides training courses for health workers to provide skilled support to breastfeeding mothers, help them overcome problems, and monitor the growth of children. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0353, 35. 2022 American Medical Association. As part of World Breastfeeding Week 2022, our Policy and Public Affairs Officer Jennifer OMara looks into the levels of lactation around the world, in particular her home country of Ireland, and explores how rates can be increased where possible, given the health benefits for both mother and child. Birth. Perspectives from key stakeholder groups, including lactation researchers, neonatologists, pediatricians, midwives, and nursing professionals were sought in order to identify and highlight key issues. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. Of particular concern was the issue of vertical transmission between mother and infant. of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) and Digital technologies are increasingly used for marketing food products throughout the world. (2015) 24:16070. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7. Pediatr Res. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322463, 21. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2015.0141, 67. (2016) 36:4939. Indeed, the use of virtual strategies to improve breastfeeding outcomes has been shown to be positive (74) can work in both large class as well as small group formats (75) and can also be incorporated in a pediatric outpatient setting (76). doi: 10.2196/17361, 47. 1):3646. Breastfeed Med. As such, these data actually shift the perception of human milk away from being a risk to being a protective element for the newborn infant. All Rights Reserved, Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography, Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience, Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment, Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine. Although the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Viet Nam breastfeeding campaign normalizes practice, improves rates. WHO actively promotes breastfeeding as the best source of nourishment for infants and young children, and is working to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months up to at least 50% by 2025. WHO and UNICEF created the Global Breastfeeding Collective to rally political, legal, financial, and public support for breastfeeding. Froh EB, Schwarz J, Spatz DL. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. This study assesses the immunogenicity of the current COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in pregnant and lactating women against both the original SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain as well as against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern. Delayed onset of lactogenesis among first-time mothers is related to maternal obesity and factors associated with ineffective breastfeeding. (2020) 16:e13010. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0012, 49. (2020) 22:e17361. (2003) 112:60719. 30. (2021) 106:112113. In particular, the impact on breastfeeding has been significant with several reports documenting how breastfeeding promotion and support services have been jeopardized by specific changes to both hospital and public health practices (22, 25, 26). Krogstad P, Contreras D, Ng H, Tobin N, Chambers CD, Bertrand K, et al. Most high-income countries have adopted legislation or regulations to support breastfeeding, yet, disappointingly, many do not take into consideration the availability and accessibility of breastfeeding in public and workspaces. (2021) 16:61423. Bauerl C, Randazzo W, Snchez G, Selma-Royo M, Garca Verdevio E, Martnez L, et al. 62. Research has shown that breastfeeding is linked to decreased rates of lower respiratory tract infections, severe diarrhea, ear infections and obesity. Geneva: World Health Organization (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0290-2, 48. We hope the new guidance from WHO will encourage governments to take even further action to promote breastfeeding. In addition, antibodies have been found in human milk following vaccination of lactating women (21). The response by the research and medical communities has been swift, for example, there were over 6000 research articles focused solely on the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health and nutrition published in the 15 months from the start of the pandemic in February until April 30, 2021 (6). As cautioned by Spatz et al. (2011) 38:4960. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. In this regard, it has been recommended that in place of in-person visits, breastfeeding support should be provided via telehealth services (73). The negative influence of new hospital postnatal practices on the general population of new mothers has been clearly documented in a tertiary level maternity hospital in Italy, where exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge fell to 69.4% during lockdown compared to 97.7% during the pre-pandemic period (30). This randomized clinical trial assesses the impact of a brief home-visiting approach, Family Spirit Nurture, on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, responsive parenting and infant feeding practices, and optimal infant growth through 12 months post partum. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.049, 18. Darcy Mahoney A, White RD, Velasquez A, Barrett TS, Clark RH, Ahmad KA. Int Breastfeed J. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13249. Prenatal care redesign: Creating flexible maternity care models through virtual care. Lactation outcomes among dyads following participation in a model of group prenatal care for patients with prenatally diagnosed fetal anomalies. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n730, 4. Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) When COVID-19 Disease Is Suspected: Interim Guidance. Telehealth can promote breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Impact of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection on breastfeeding due to infant separation at birth. (2020) 323:24689. Copyright 2022 van Goudoever, Spatz, Hoban, Dumitriu, Gyamfi-Bannerman, Berns, McKechnie and Davanzo. Am J Perinatol. Such exposures reached 84% of women in the United Kingdom and 97% in China, impacting the likelihood of using formula milk. This randomized clinical trial investigates whether fortification of expressed breast milk by preterm formula powder is noninferior to fortification by human milk fortifier, in terms of short-term weight gain, in very low-birth-weight neonates.