The following components have been found:[37], Saturation in pH and in base is more important than in the surrounding soils. This product is supplied as a black powder. [30] The variations in Amazonian dark earths prevent clearly determining whether all of them were intentionally created for soil improvement or whether the lightest variants are a by-product of habitation. This is overcome by soaking the charcoal for two to four weeks in any liquid nutrient (urine, plant tea, etc.). 
[24] Organic matter can be found at 1 to 2 metres (3ft 3in to 6ft 7in) deep. [citation needed], Terra preta's capacity to increase its own volumethus to sequester more carbonwas first documented by pedologist William I. 
This forces farmers to migrate to an unburned area and clear it (by fire). Click the List name to which you want to add this product or formula. In Amazonia, the provisioning of nutrients from the decomposition of naturally available organic matter fails as the heavy rainfalls wash away the released nutrients and the natural soils (ferralsols, acrisols, lixisols, arenosols, uxisols, etc.) Another theory considered its formation to be a result of sedimentation in tertiary lakes or in recent ponds. ", United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terra_preta&oldid=1097307018, Pre-Columbian indigenous peoples of the Amazon, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Incorporation of organic matter and of nutrients, Growth of microorganisms and animals in the soil, This page was last edited on 9 July 2022, at 23:42. [16] For instance, the culture on the island of Maraj may have developed social stratification and supported a population of 100,000. 
See our price match guarantee. Terra mulata soils are more fertile than surrounding soils but less fertile than terra preta, and were most likely intentionally improved using charcoal. 
[7] Terra preta's high concentration of charcoal supports a high concentration of organic matter (on average three times more than in the surrounding poor soils),[7][37][42][48] up to 150g/kg. Please call us at: 1-800-HOME-DEPOT (1-800-466-3337), Please enter in your email address in the following format: you@domain.com. 
2010. He reported densely populated regions extending hundreds of kilometres along the river, suggesting population levels exceeding even those of today. [13], The origins of the Amazonian dark earths were not immediately clear to later settlers. P. corethrurus is widespread in Amazonia and notably in clearings after burning processes thanks to its tolerance of a low content of organic matter in the soil. Average poor tropical soils are easily enrichable to terra preta nova by the addition of charcoal and condensed smoke. Terra preta is characterized by the presence of low-temperature charcoal residues in high concentrations;[2] of high quantities of tiny pottery shards; of organic matter such as plant residues, animal feces, fish and animal bones, and other material; and of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, zinc and manganese. In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do ndio or terra preta de ndio ("black soil of the Indian", "Indians' black earth"). Carbonating Bottles are Dishwasher Safe and made from BPA-free plastic. Need Help? Analysis of the groups of molecules provides evidences both for the oxidation of the black carbon particle itself, as well as for the adsorption of non-black carbon. Need more context for understanding these highlights? [13] The formation of condensed aromatic structures depends on the method of manufacture of charcoal. [60], A synthetic terra preta process was developed by Alfons-Eduard Krieger to produce a high humus, nutrient-rich, water-adsorbing soil. [8][9] Terra preta is less prone to nutrient leaching because of its high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter. Tree Lucerne (tagasaste or Cytisus proliferus) is one type of fertilizer tree used to make terra preta. Products shown as available are normally stocked but inventory levels cannot be guaranteed, For screen reader problems with this website, please call 1-800-430-3376 or text 38698 (standard carrier rates apply to texts), Turns plain water into fresh sparkling water in seconds, Features updated slim silhouette with improved ergonomics, Quick Connect technology for fast and easy CO2 cylinder insertion. 
[citation needed], Terra preta soils are found mainly in the Brazilian Amazon, where Sombroek et al. Terra machine is compatible with 1L and 0.5L SodaStream carbonating bottles and only compatible with pink Quick Connect CO2 Cylinder. [33] Because of possible interactions with minerals and organic matter from the soil, it is almost impossible to identify charcoal by determining only the proportion of O/C. [21] estimate that they cover at least 0.1 to 0.3%, or 6,300 to 18,900 square kilometres (2,400 to 7,300sqmi) of low forested Amazonia;[1] but others estimate this surface at 10.0% or more (twice the area of Great Britain). Farmed areas around living areas are referred to as terra mulata. 
The absorption of P, K, Ca, Zn, and Cu by the plants increases when the quantity of available charcoal increases. We're sorry, but the industry you have selected is not currently available in your chosen language. [37], Terra preta soils also show higher quantities of nutrients, and a better retention of these nutrients, than surrounding infertile soils. UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC 2022 All Rights Reserved. Simply click "Create a New List" and enter a name. [20] The settled agrarians again became nomads, while still maintaining specific traditions of their settled forbears. [6] Fertile soils such as terra preta show high levels of microorganic activities and other specific characteristics within particular ecosystems. Are you a distributor who is interested in being listed here? [31][32] All types of carbonized materials are called charcoal. 
Instead of one collection of bookmarked items, create as many collections, called "Lists," as you need. [37], The chemical structure of charcoal in terra preta soils is characterized by poly-condensed aromatic groups that provide prolonged biological and chemical stability against microbial degradation; it also provides, after partial oxidation, the highest nutrient retention. Microscopic characterisation of synthetic Terra Preta. A SodaStream cylinder makes up to 60L (126 bottles) of sparkling water*, *16 oz/bottle depending on the level of carbonating and sparkling water maker, Only compatible with pink CQC Sodastream carbonators. [17], Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana was the first European to traverse the Amazon River in the 16th century. 
For 350 years after the European arrival, the Portuguese portion of the basin remained untended. Terra preta soils were created by farming communities between 450BCE and 950 CE. The following lists represent a selection of UL's ChemADVISOR Regulatory Database, curated for Prospector in Compliance Highlights. 
[29] Terra preta presents important variants. [45] Several experiments demonstrate that uncharged charcoal can bring a temporary depletion of available nutrients when first put into the soil, that is until its pores fill with nutrients. [52], A newly coined term is 'synthetic terra preta. Local store prices may vary from those displayed. The hydrogen/carbon percentage[34] or molecular markers such as benzenepolycarboxylic acid,[35] are used as a second level of identification. [6], In the international soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) Terra preta is called Pretic Anthrosol. The full set of lists reviewed have been curated by UL's LOLI Regulatory Database specific for Prospector. [7][37] Low temperature charcoal (but not that from grasses or high cellulose materials) has an internal layer of biological petroleum condensates that the bacteria consume, and is similar to cellulose in its effects on microbial growth. It is also known as "Amazonian dark earth" or "Indian black earth". Dissertation Abstracts International, 1517, Walker, John H. (2011), "Amazonian Dark Earth and Ring Ditches in the Central Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia,", Chia, C., Munroe, P., Joseph, S. and Lin, Y. See how a store is chosen for you. 
One idea was that they resulted from ashfall from volcanoes in the Andes, since they occur more frequently on the brows of higher terraces. Blood, bone meal and chicken manure are useful for short term organic manure addition. 
Find the link to your List page in the user menu. This might have made the benefits of terra preta, such as its self-renewing capacity, less attractive: farmers would not have been able to cultivate the renewed soil as they migrated. The content of such third party sites is not within our control, and we cannot and will not take responsibility for the information or content. Up to 9% black carbon has been measured in some terra preta (against 0.5% in surrounding soils). [37] It is remarkable that anthrosols regenerate in spite of these tropical conditions' prevalence and their fast mineralisation rates. [24], Nutrient leaching is minimal in this anthrosol, despite their abundance, resulting in high fertility. They are found among various climatic, geological, and topographical situations. The clay matter that exists in those soils is capable of holding only a small fraction of the nutrients made available from decomposition. If the item details above arent accurate or complete, we want to know about it. The accumulation of organic matter in moist tropical soils is a paradox, because of optimum conditions for organic matter degradation. the Llanos de Moxos of Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and French Guiana,[27][28] and on the African continent in Benin, Liberia, and the South African savannas. [38] Charring at high temperature consumes that layer and brings little increase in soil fertility. [citation needed], Soils with elevated charcoal content and a common presence of pottery remains can accrete accidentally near living quarters as residues from food preparation, cooking fires, animal and fish bones, broken pottery, etc., accumulated. Sun Chemical makes their documentation available in the regions indicated below: Timica Terra Black is composed of platelets of mica coated with iron oxides and titanium dioxide. Try a premium account free for your first month! The Terra Sparkling Water Maker turns plain water into fresh sparkling water in seconds and designed for the modern kitchen. Forest Destruction and Sustainable Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon: a Literature Review (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Reading, 2000). 
[59], Synthetic terra preta is produced at the Sachamama Center for Biocultural Regeneration in High Amazon, Peru. 
Terra preta has a carbon content ranging from high to very high (more than 1314% organic matter) in its A horizon, but without hydromorphic characteristics. ", "Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils", "BioEnergy Lists: Biochar Mailing Lists | Sharing technical and event information about Biochar from the Biochar email lists", "Charred farm waste could gobble up carbon", "Agrichar A solution to global warming? 
[35][39][40] The slow oxidation of charcoal creates carboxylic groups; these increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil. [24], As potential sources of nutrients, only C (via photosynthesis) and N (from biological fixation) can be produced in situ. [13], Fresh charcoal must be "charged" before it can function as a biotope. In the case of terra preta, the only possible nutrient sources are primary and secondary. 
[18][19] Beyond the geoglyphs, these populations left no lasting monuments, possibly because they built with wood, which would have rotted in the humid climate, as stone was unavailable. 
[citation needed], This type of soil appeared between 450 BCE and 950 CE at sites throughout the Amazon Basin. With a Premium Prospector account, view regulatory advisory and retailer compliance on an ingredients level for your material searches. Terra preta (Portuguese pronunciation:[t pet], locally [th pet], literally "black soil" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile artificial (anthropogenic) soil found in the Amazon Basin. Contact us! Together with DIC, Sun Chemical is continuously working to promote and develop sustainable solutions to exceed customer expectations and better the world around us. 
It is reported to regenerate itself at the rate of 1 centimeter (0.4in) per year. [citation needed], Some ants are repelled from fresh terra preta; their density is found to be low about 10 days after production compared to that in control soils. [citation needed], Moreover, many indigenous peoples adapted to a more mobile lifestyle to escape colonialism. Easily see which Lists this item appears in, and quickly go to that List from the links that appear on the page. Sun Chemical, a member of the DIC Group, is a leading producer of packaging and graphic solutions, color and display technologies, functional products, electronic materials, and products for the cosmetics, automotive and healthcare industries. A product of indigenous soil management and slash-and-char agriculture,[3] the charcoal is stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients.[4][5]. Lists combine the ease of Bookmarks with the versatility of Tags. [53][54] STP is a fertilizer consisting of materials thought to replicate the original materials, including crushed clay, blood and bone meal, manure and biochar[53] is of particulate nature and capable of moving down the soil profile and improving soil fertility and carbon in the current soil peds and aggregates over a viable time frame. Advisory Agencies and Informational Lists. 
undefined out of 5 stars with undefined reviews. [citation needed], The processes responsible for the formation of terra preta soils are:[7], The transformation of biomass into charcoal produces a series of charcoal derivatives known as pyrogenic or black carbon, the composition of which varies from lightly charred organic matter, to soot particles rich in graphite formed by recomposition of free radicals. By convention, charcoal is considered to be any natural organic matter transformed thermally or by a dehydration reaction with an oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratio less than 60;[31] smaller values have been suggested. When you define a new List, the current item is automatically added to it. [56] Perhaps the most important and unique part of the improvement of soil fertility is carbon, thought to have been gradually incorporated 4 to 10 thousand years ago. Use of this site is subject to certain Terms Of Use. [1], Terra preta owes its characteristic black color to its weathered charcoal content,[2] and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bone, broken pottery, compost and manure to the low fertility Amazonian soil. [13][22] Recent model-based predictions suggest that the extent of terra preta soils may be of 3.2% of the forest. All Rights Reserved. Orellana may have exaggerated the level of development, although that is disputed. When you click the Add to List button, a dropdown of your existing Lists appears. The information presented here was acquired by UL from the producer of the product or material or original information provider. Whether this is possible on a larger scale has yet to be proven. Our breadth, established objectivity and proven history mean we are a symbol of trust and enable us to help provide peace of mind to all. The most common original soil before transformed into a terra preta is the Ferralsol. [2], The goal is an economically viable process that could be included in modern agriculture. [7] Deforested arable soils in the Amazon are productive for a short period of time before their nutrients are consumed or leached away by rain or flooding. corethrurus. 
[24] Globally, agricultural lands have lost on average 50% of their carbon due to intensive cultivation and other damage of human origin. [49] The quantity of N is also higher in anthrosol, but that nutrient is immobilized because of the high proportion of C over N in the soil. [37] The proportion of P reaches 200400mg/kg. [7], Indigenous people added low temperature charcoal to poor soils. [24], Anthrosol's availability of P, Ca, Mn and Zn is higher than ferrasol. Introducing the Terra, SodaStream's newest Sparkling Water Maker. Their semi-nomadic descendants have the distinction among tribal indigenous societies of a hereditary, yet landless, aristocracy, a historical anomaly for a society without a sedentary, agrarian culture. [citation needed], Charcoal's porosity brings better retention of organic matter, of water and of dissolved nutrients,[41][46] as well as of pollutants such as pesticides and aromatic poly-cyclic hydrocarbons. [47], Charcoal's high absorption potential of organic molecules (and of water) is due to its porous structure. [1] Their distributions either follow main water courses, from East Amazonia to the central basin,[24] or are located on interfluvial sites (mainly of circular or lenticular shape) and of a smaller size averaging some 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres), (see distribution map of terra preta sites in Amazon basin[25] The spreads of tropical forest between the savannas could be mainly anthropogenica notion with dramatic implications worldwide for agriculture and conservation. This area has many terra preta soil zones, demonstrating that this anthrosol was created not only in the Amazon basin, but also at higher elevations. 
[51] This as an essential element in the generation of terra preta, associated with agronomic knowledge involving layering the charcoal in thin regular layers favorable to its burying by P. [13] This remains the central mystery of terra preta. [57] Biochar is capable of decreasing soil acidity and if soaked in nutrient rich liquid can slowly release nutrients and provide habitat for microbes in soil due to its high porosity surface area. 
2000-2022 Home Depot. Terra mulata ("mulatto earth") is lighter or brownish in color. 
UL is a global independent safety science company offering expertise in certification, validation, testing, inspections, auditing, education and advisory services. [23], Terra preta exists in small plots averaging 20 hectares (49 acres), but areas of almost 360 hectares (890 acres) have also been reported. For instance, gardens close to dwellings received more nutrients than fields farther away. The production of biomass for two crops (rice and Vigna unguiculata) increased by 3845% without fertilization (P<0.05), compared to crops on fertilized ferralsol. [49][50], The peregrine earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) ingests charcoal and mixes it into a finely ground form with the mineral soil. 
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[24] Organic matter can be found at 1 to 2 metres (3ft 3in to 6ft 7in) deep. [citation needed], Terra preta's capacity to increase its own volumethus to sequester more carbonwas first documented by pedologist William I. This forces farmers to migrate to an unburned area and clear it (by fire). Click the List name to which you want to add this product or formula. In Amazonia, the provisioning of nutrients from the decomposition of naturally available organic matter fails as the heavy rainfalls wash away the released nutrients and the natural soils (ferralsols, acrisols, lixisols, arenosols, uxisols, etc.) Another theory considered its formation to be a result of sedimentation in tertiary lakes or in recent ponds. ", United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terra_preta&oldid=1097307018, Pre-Columbian indigenous peoples of the Amazon, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Incorporation of organic matter and of nutrients, Growth of microorganisms and animals in the soil, This page was last edited on 9 July 2022, at 23:42. [16] For instance, the culture on the island of Maraj may have developed social stratification and supported a population of 100,000. See our price match guarantee. Terra mulata soils are more fertile than surrounding soils but less fertile than terra preta, and were most likely intentionally improved using charcoal. [7] Terra preta's high concentration of charcoal supports a high concentration of organic matter (on average three times more than in the surrounding poor soils),[7][37][42][48] up to 150g/kg. Please call us at: 1-800-HOME-DEPOT (1-800-466-3337), Please enter in your email address in the following format: you@domain.com. 2010. He reported densely populated regions extending hundreds of kilometres along the river, suggesting population levels exceeding even those of today. [13], The origins of the Amazonian dark earths were not immediately clear to later settlers. P. corethrurus is widespread in Amazonia and notably in clearings after burning processes thanks to its tolerance of a low content of organic matter in the soil. Average poor tropical soils are easily enrichable to terra preta nova by the addition of charcoal and condensed smoke. Terra preta is characterized by the presence of low-temperature charcoal residues in high concentrations;[2] of high quantities of tiny pottery shards; of organic matter such as plant residues, animal feces, fish and animal bones, and other material; and of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, zinc and manganese. In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do ndio or terra preta de ndio ("black soil of the Indian", "Indians' black earth"). Carbonating Bottles are Dishwasher Safe and made from BPA-free plastic. Need Help? Analysis of the groups of molecules provides evidences both for the oxidation of the black carbon particle itself, as well as for the adsorption of non-black carbon. Need more context for understanding these highlights? [13] The formation of condensed aromatic structures depends on the method of manufacture of charcoal. [60], A synthetic terra preta process was developed by Alfons-Eduard Krieger to produce a high humus, nutrient-rich, water-adsorbing soil. [8][9] Terra preta is less prone to nutrient leaching because of its high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter. Tree Lucerne (tagasaste or Cytisus proliferus) is one type of fertilizer tree used to make terra preta. Products shown as available are normally stocked but inventory levels cannot be guaranteed, For screen reader problems with this website, please call 1-800-430-3376 or text 38698 (standard carrier rates apply to texts), Turns plain water into fresh sparkling water in seconds, Features updated slim silhouette with improved ergonomics, Quick Connect technology for fast and easy CO2 cylinder insertion. [citation needed], Terra preta soils are found mainly in the Brazilian Amazon, where Sombroek et al. Terra machine is compatible with 1L and 0.5L SodaStream carbonating bottles and only compatible with pink Quick Connect CO2 Cylinder. [33] Because of possible interactions with minerals and organic matter from the soil, it is almost impossible to identify charcoal by determining only the proportion of O/C. [21] estimate that they cover at least 0.1 to 0.3%, or 6,300 to 18,900 square kilometres (2,400 to 7,300sqmi) of low forested Amazonia;[1] but others estimate this surface at 10.0% or more (twice the area of Great Britain). Farmed areas around living areas are referred to as terra mulata. The absorption of P, K, Ca, Zn, and Cu by the plants increases when the quantity of available charcoal increases. We're sorry, but the industry you have selected is not currently available in your chosen language. [37], Terra preta soils also show higher quantities of nutrients, and a better retention of these nutrients, than surrounding infertile soils. UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC 2022 All Rights Reserved. Simply click "Create a New List" and enter a name. [20] The settled agrarians again became nomads, while still maintaining specific traditions of their settled forbears. [6] Fertile soils such as terra preta show high levels of microorganic activities and other specific characteristics within particular ecosystems. Are you a distributor who is interested in being listed here? [31][32] All types of carbonized materials are called charcoal. Instead of one collection of bookmarked items, create as many collections, called "Lists," as you need. [37], The chemical structure of charcoal in terra preta soils is characterized by poly-condensed aromatic groups that provide prolonged biological and chemical stability against microbial degradation; it also provides, after partial oxidation, the highest nutrient retention. Microscopic characterisation of synthetic Terra Preta. A SodaStream cylinder makes up to 60L (126 bottles) of sparkling water*, *16 oz/bottle depending on the level of carbonating and sparkling water maker, Only compatible with pink CQC Sodastream carbonators. [17], Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana was the first European to traverse the Amazon River in the 16th century. For 350 years after the European arrival, the Portuguese portion of the basin remained untended. Terra preta soils were created by farming communities between 450BCE and 950 CE. The following lists represent a selection of UL's ChemADVISOR Regulatory Database, curated for Prospector in Compliance Highlights. [29] Terra preta presents important variants. [45] Several experiments demonstrate that uncharged charcoal can bring a temporary depletion of available nutrients when first put into the soil, that is until its pores fill with nutrients. [52], A newly coined term is 'synthetic terra preta. Local store prices may vary from those displayed. The hydrogen/carbon percentage[34] or molecular markers such as benzenepolycarboxylic acid,[35] are used as a second level of identification. [6], In the international soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) Terra preta is called Pretic Anthrosol. The full set of lists reviewed have been curated by UL's LOLI Regulatory Database specific for Prospector. [7][37] Low temperature charcoal (but not that from grasses or high cellulose materials) has an internal layer of biological petroleum condensates that the bacteria consume, and is similar to cellulose in its effects on microbial growth. It is also known as "Amazonian dark earth" or "Indian black earth". Dissertation Abstracts International, 1517, Walker, John H. (2011), "Amazonian Dark Earth and Ring Ditches in the Central Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia,", Chia, C., Munroe, P., Joseph, S. and Lin, Y. See how a store is chosen for you. One idea was that they resulted from ashfall from volcanoes in the Andes, since they occur more frequently on the brows of higher terraces. Blood, bone meal and chicken manure are useful for short term organic manure addition. Find the link to your List page in the user menu. This might have made the benefits of terra preta, such as its self-renewing capacity, less attractive: farmers would not have been able to cultivate the renewed soil as they migrated. The content of such third party sites is not within our control, and we cannot and will not take responsibility for the information or content. Up to 9% black carbon has been measured in some terra preta (against 0.5% in surrounding soils). [37] It is remarkable that anthrosols regenerate in spite of these tropical conditions' prevalence and their fast mineralisation rates. [24], Nutrient leaching is minimal in this anthrosol, despite their abundance, resulting in high fertility. They are found among various climatic, geological, and topographical situations. The clay matter that exists in those soils is capable of holding only a small fraction of the nutrients made available from decomposition. If the item details above arent accurate or complete, we want to know about it. The accumulation of organic matter in moist tropical soils is a paradox, because of optimum conditions for organic matter degradation. the Llanos de Moxos of Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and French Guiana,[27][28] and on the African continent in Benin, Liberia, and the South African savannas. [38] Charring at high temperature consumes that layer and brings little increase in soil fertility. [citation needed], Soils with elevated charcoal content and a common presence of pottery remains can accrete accidentally near living quarters as residues from food preparation, cooking fires, animal and fish bones, broken pottery, etc., accumulated. Sun Chemical makes their documentation available in the regions indicated below: Timica Terra Black is composed of platelets of mica coated with iron oxides and titanium dioxide. Try a premium account free for your first month! The Terra Sparkling Water Maker turns plain water into fresh sparkling water in seconds and designed for the modern kitchen. Forest Destruction and Sustainable Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon: a Literature Review (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Reading, 2000). [59], Synthetic terra preta is produced at the Sachamama Center for Biocultural Regeneration in High Amazon, Peru. Terra preta has a carbon content ranging from high to very high (more than 1314% organic matter) in its A horizon, but without hydromorphic characteristics. ", "Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils", "BioEnergy Lists: Biochar Mailing Lists | Sharing technical and event information about Biochar from the Biochar email lists", "Charred farm waste could gobble up carbon", "Agrichar A solution to global warming? [35][39][40] The slow oxidation of charcoal creates carboxylic groups; these increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil. [24], As potential sources of nutrients, only C (via photosynthesis) and N (from biological fixation) can be produced in situ. [13], Fresh charcoal must be "charged" before it can function as a biotope. In the case of terra preta, the only possible nutrient sources are primary and secondary. [18][19] Beyond the geoglyphs, these populations left no lasting monuments, possibly because they built with wood, which would have rotted in the humid climate, as stone was unavailable. [citation needed], This type of soil appeared between 450 BCE and 950 CE at sites throughout the Amazon Basin. With a Premium Prospector account, view regulatory advisory and retailer compliance on an ingredients level for your material searches. Terra preta (Portuguese pronunciation:[t pet], locally [th pet], literally "black soil" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile artificial (anthropogenic) soil found in the Amazon Basin. Contact us! Together with DIC, Sun Chemical is continuously working to promote and develop sustainable solutions to exceed customer expectations and better the world around us. It is reported to regenerate itself at the rate of 1 centimeter (0.4in) per year. [citation needed], Some ants are repelled from fresh terra preta; their density is found to be low about 10 days after production compared to that in control soils. [citation needed], Moreover, many indigenous peoples adapted to a more mobile lifestyle to escape colonialism. Easily see which Lists this item appears in, and quickly go to that List from the links that appear on the page. Sun Chemical, a member of the DIC Group, is a leading producer of packaging and graphic solutions, color and display technologies, functional products, electronic materials, and products for the cosmetics, automotive and healthcare industries. A product of indigenous soil management and slash-and-char agriculture,[3] the charcoal is stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients.[4][5]. Lists combine the ease of Bookmarks with the versatility of Tags. [53][54] STP is a fertilizer consisting of materials thought to replicate the original materials, including crushed clay, blood and bone meal, manure and biochar[53] is of particulate nature and capable of moving down the soil profile and improving soil fertility and carbon in the current soil peds and aggregates over a viable time frame. Advisory Agencies and Informational Lists. undefined out of 5 stars with undefined reviews. [citation needed], The processes responsible for the formation of terra preta soils are:[7], The transformation of biomass into charcoal produces a series of charcoal derivatives known as pyrogenic or black carbon, the composition of which varies from lightly charred organic matter, to soot particles rich in graphite formed by recomposition of free radicals. By convention, charcoal is considered to be any natural organic matter transformed thermally or by a dehydration reaction with an oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratio less than 60;[31] smaller values have been suggested. When you define a new List, the current item is automatically added to it. [56] Perhaps the most important and unique part of the improvement of soil fertility is carbon, thought to have been gradually incorporated 4 to 10 thousand years ago. Use of this site is subject to certain Terms Of Use. [1], Terra preta owes its characteristic black color to its weathered charcoal content,[2] and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bone, broken pottery, compost and manure to the low fertility Amazonian soil. [13][22] Recent model-based predictions suggest that the extent of terra preta soils may be of 3.2% of the forest. All Rights Reserved. Orellana may have exaggerated the level of development, although that is disputed. When you click the Add to List button, a dropdown of your existing Lists appears. The information presented here was acquired by UL from the producer of the product or material or original information provider. Whether this is possible on a larger scale has yet to be proven. Our breadth, established objectivity and proven history mean we are a symbol of trust and enable us to help provide peace of mind to all. The most common original soil before transformed into a terra preta is the Ferralsol. [2], The goal is an economically viable process that could be included in modern agriculture. [7] Deforested arable soils in the Amazon are productive for a short period of time before their nutrients are consumed or leached away by rain or flooding. corethrurus. [24] Globally, agricultural lands have lost on average 50% of their carbon due to intensive cultivation and other damage of human origin. [49] The quantity of N is also higher in anthrosol, but that nutrient is immobilized because of the high proportion of C over N in the soil. [37] The proportion of P reaches 200400mg/kg. [7], Indigenous people added low temperature charcoal to poor soils. [24], Anthrosol's availability of P, Ca, Mn and Zn is higher than ferrasol. Introducing the Terra, SodaStream's newest Sparkling Water Maker. Their semi-nomadic descendants have the distinction among tribal indigenous societies of a hereditary, yet landless, aristocracy, a historical anomaly for a society without a sedentary, agrarian culture. [citation needed], Charcoal's porosity brings better retention of organic matter, of water and of dissolved nutrients,[41][46] as well as of pollutants such as pesticides and aromatic poly-cyclic hydrocarbons. [47], Charcoal's high absorption potential of organic molecules (and of water) is due to its porous structure. [1] Their distributions either follow main water courses, from East Amazonia to the central basin,[24] or are located on interfluvial sites (mainly of circular or lenticular shape) and of a smaller size averaging some 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres), (see distribution map of terra preta sites in Amazon basin[25] The spreads of tropical forest between the savannas could be mainly anthropogenica notion with dramatic implications worldwide for agriculture and conservation. This area has many terra preta soil zones, demonstrating that this anthrosol was created not only in the Amazon basin, but also at higher elevations. [51] This as an essential element in the generation of terra preta, associated with agronomic knowledge involving layering the charcoal in thin regular layers favorable to its burying by P. [13] This remains the central mystery of terra preta. [57] Biochar is capable of decreasing soil acidity and if soaked in nutrient rich liquid can slowly release nutrients and provide habitat for microbes in soil due to its high porosity surface area. 2000-2022 Home Depot. Terra mulata ("mulatto earth") is lighter or brownish in color. UL is a global independent safety science company offering expertise in certification, validation, testing, inspections, auditing, education and advisory services. [23], Terra preta exists in small plots averaging 20 hectares (49 acres), but areas of almost 360 hectares (890 acres) have also been reported. For instance, gardens close to dwellings received more nutrients than fields farther away. The production of biomass for two crops (rice and Vigna unguiculata) increased by 3845% without fertilization (P<0.05), compared to crops on fertilized ferralsol. [49][50], The peregrine earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) ingests charcoal and mixes it into a finely ground form with the mineral soil. We recommend UL's Navigator, your gateway to regulatory compliance (free trial available). Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store & online. 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PMN Number to EPA Accession Number Link, Mexico - Maximum Authorized Substance Concentrations for the Manufacture of Perfume and Beauty Products, Mexico - Prohibited Fragrances in the Manufacture of Beauty and Perfume Products, Mexico - Prohibited Substances in the Manufacture of Beauty and Perfume Products, U.S. - CAA (Clean Air Act) - Reactivity Factors for VOCs in Aerosol Coatings, U.S. - CAA (Clean Air Act) - VOCs with Negligible Photochemical Reactivity, U.S. - California - Cosmetic Fragrance and Flavor Ingredient Right to Know Act - Substances in Designated Lists, U.S. - California - Proposition 65 - Carcinogens List, U.S. - California - Proposition 65 - Developmental Toxicity, U.S. - California - Proposition 65 - Reproductive Toxicity - Female, U.S. - California - Proposition 65 - Reproductive Toxicity - Male, U.S. - California - Safe Cosmetics Act of 2005 - SB 484, U.S. - California - Safe Cosmetics Program Product Database - Reportable Ingredient List, U.S. - California - Substances Prohibited in Cosmetics Products, U.S. - EPA - Safer Choice Labeling Program - Safer Chemical Ingredients List - Fragrances, U.S. - FDA - Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Antipruritic Drug Products for Over the Counter Human Use - Active Ingredients, U.S. - FDA - Antimicrobial - Topical Acne Drug Products for Over the Counter Human Use - Active Ingredients, U.S. - FDA - Antiperspirant Drug Products for Over the Counter Human Use - Active Ingredients, U.S. - FDA - Astringent Drug Products for Over the Counter Human Use - Active Ingredients, U.S. - FDA - Certified Provisionally Listed Colors for Drugs and Cosmetics, U.S. - FDA - Certified Provisionally Listed Colors for Externally Applied Drugs and Cosmetics, U.S. - FDA - Certified Provisionally Listed Colors for Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics, U.S. - FDA - Color Additives Conditionally Approved for Use in Cosmetics, U.S. - FDA - Color Additives Subject to Certification for Cosmetics, U.S. - FDA - Dandruff Drug Products for Over the Counter Human Use - Active Ingredients, U.S. - FDA - Deodorant Drug Products for Internal Use, Over the Counter Human Use - Active Ingredients, U.S. - FDA - Ineligible Active Ingredients in OTC Consumer Antiseptic Rubs (Hand Sanitizers), U.S. - FDA - Prohibited Ingredients in Cosmetics, U.S. - FDA - Restricted Ingredients in Cosmetics, U.S. - FDA - Skin Protectant Drug Products for Over the Counter Human Use - Active Ingredients, U.S. - FDA - Topical Otic Drug Products for Over the Counter Human Use - Active Ingredients, U.S. - FIFRA - Pesticides - Inert Ingredients - Fragrance Ingredient List (FIL), U.S. - Maryland - Substances Prohibited in Cosmetics, U.S. - New Hampshire - Prohibited Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), U.S. - New York - Environmental Conservation - Chemical Prohibited in Household Products, U.S. Hawaii - Ban on Sale of Sunscreen that Contains Oxybenzone or Octinoxate, ASEAN - Guidelines on Limits of Contaminants for Cosmetics - Heavy Metal Limits, ASEAN - Guidelines on Limits of Contaminants for Cosmetics - Microbiological Limits, ASEAN - Guidelines on Limits of Contaminants for Cosmetics - Trace Impurity Limits, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex II - Prohibited Substances, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex III Part 1 - Field of Application and/or Use, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex III Part 1 - Labelling Requirements, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex III Part 1 - Maximum Authorised Concentration, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex III Part 1 - Other Limitations and Requirements, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex IV - Colouring Agents - Field of Application, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex IV - Colouring Agents - Other Limitations and Requirements, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex VI - Preservatives - Labelling Requirements, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex VI - Preservatives - Limitations and Requirements, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex VI - Preservatives - Maximum Authorised Concentration, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex VII - UV Filters - Labelling Requirements, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex VII - UV Filters - Maximum Authorised Concentration, ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex VII - UV Filters - Other Limitations and Requirements, China - Cosmetics Ingredients of Animal Origin (Cows and Sheep) - Class 1 Substances, China - Cosmetics Ingredients of Animal Origin (Cows and Sheep) - Class 2 Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 1 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 10 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 11 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 2 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 3 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 4 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 5 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 6 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 7 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 8 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Category 9 Restricted Substances, China - Fragrance Compounds - Prohibited Substances, China - Hygienic Standards for Cosmetics - Prohibited Ingredients, China - Hygienic Standards for Cosmetics - Restricted Ingredients, China - Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients (IECIC), China - Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics - Permitted Coloring Agents, China - Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics - Permitted Hair Dyes, China - Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics - Permitted UV Filters, China - Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics - Preservatives, India - Cosmetics Rules - Maximum Limits of Certain Substances in Cosmetics Products, India - Cosmetics Rules - Tenth Schedule - List of Colours Permitted to be Used in Soaps, India - Fragrances and Flavours Association of India (FAFAI) - List of Ingredients for Flavours, India - Fragrances and Flavours Association of India (FAFAI) - List of Ingredients for Fragrances, Indonesia - Coloring Agents - Declared as Hazardous Materials in Drugs, Foods, and Cosmetics, Inventory - Australia - Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS), Inventory - China - Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (IECSC), Inventory - Japan - Existing and New Chemical Substances (ENCS), Inventory - Japan - Industrial Safety and Health Law Substances (ISHL), Inventory - Korea - Existing Chemicals Inventory (KECI/KECL) - Annex 1, Inventory - Korea - Existing Chemicals Inventory (KECI/KECL) - Annex 2, Inventory - Korea - Existing Chemicals Inventory (KECI/KECL) - Annex 3, Inventory - New Zealand - Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC), Inventory - Philippines - Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances (PICCS), Inventory - Taiwan - Taiwan Chemical Substance Inventory (TCSI), Inventory - Thailand - DIW Existing Chemicals Inventory, Inventory - Thailand - FDA Existing Chemicals Inventory (TECI), Japan - Cosmetic Standards - Allowed Ingredients for All Preservatives & UV Absorbers, Japan - Cosmetic Standards - Allowed Ingredients for All Preservatives & UV Absorbers - Cosmetics Not for Mucosa Use - Not Washed Away, Japan - Cosmetic Standards - Allowed Ingredients for All Preservatives & UV Absorbers - Cosmetics Not for Mucosa Use - Washed Away, Japan - Cosmetic Standards - Allowed Ingredients for All Preservatives & UV Absorbers - Cosmetics That May Be Used for Mucosa Use, Japan - Cosmetics Standards - Prohibited Ingredients, Japan - Cosmetics Standards - Restricted Ingredients - All Cosmetics Except Preservatives, UV Absorbers & Tar Colors, Japan - Cosmetics Standards - Restricted Ingredients - Cosmetics Not for Mucosa Use - Not Washed Away, Japan - Cosmetics Standards - Restricted Ingredients - Cosmetics Not for Mucosa Use - Washed Away, Japan - Cosmetics Standards - Restricted Ingredients - Cosmetics That May Be Used for Mucosa, Japan - Cosmetics Standards - Restricted Ingredients - Various Types or Intended Purposes of Cosmetics, Korea - MFDS - Cosmetics Ingredient Standards - Permitted Detection Limit, Korea - MFDS - Cosmetics Ingredient Standards - Prohibited Ingredients, Korea - MFDS - Cosmetics Ingredient Standards - Restricted Ingredients (Hair dye), Korea - MFDS - Cosmetics Ingredient Standards - Restricted Ingredients (Others), Korea - MFDS - Cosmetics Ingredient Standards - Restricted Ingredients (Preservatives), Korea - MFDS - Cosmetics Ingredient Standards - Restricted Ingredients (Sunscreen), Korea - MOE - K-BPR - Consumer Chemical Products - Child-Resistant Packaging, Korea - MOE - K-BPR - Consumer Chemical Products - Substances that May Cause Allergic Reaction, Korea - MOE - K-BPR - Consumer Chemical Products (Beauty Products) - Cosmetic Adhesives, Korea - MOE - K-BPR - Consumer Chemical Products (Beauty products) - Tattoo Inks, Korea - MOE - K-BPR - Consumer Chemical Products (Disinfectant products) - Disinfectants, Korea - MOE - Substances Regulated as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 4 - Prohibited Substances - Table 1, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 4 - Prohibited Substances - Table 2, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 5 - Table 1 - Conditions of Use and Warnings Which Must Be Printed on the Label, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 5 - Table 1 - Field of Application and/or Use, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 5 - Table 1 - Maximum Authorised Concentration in the Finished Product, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 5 - Table 1 - Other Limitations and Requirements, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 5 - Table 3 - Conditions of Use and Warnings Which Must Be Printed on the Label, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 5 - Table 3 - Field of Application and/or Use, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 5 - Table 3 - Maximum Authorised Concentration in the Finished Product, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 5 - Table 3 - Other Limitations and Requirements, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 6 - Colouring Agents - Table 1 - Field of Application, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 6 - Colouring Agents - Table 1 - Other Limitations and Requirements, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 6 - Colouring Agents - Table 2 - Field of Application, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 7 - Preservatives - Table 1 - Labelling Requirements, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 7 - Preservatives - Table 1 - Maximum Authorised Concentration, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 7 - Preservatives - Table 1 - Other Limitations and Requirements, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 7 - Preservatives - Table 2 - Labelling Requirements, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 8 - UV Filters - Table 1 - Labelling Requirements, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 8 - UV Filters - Table 1 - Maximum Authorised Concentration, New Zealand - Cosmetic Products - Schedule 8 - UV Filters - Table 2 - Maximum Authorised Concentration, Philippines - Maximum Allowable Limits of Heavy Metals for Cosmetic Products, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Part I, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Part II - Label Warnings, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Part II - Maximum Concentration, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Part IV - Label Warnings, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Part IV - Maximum Concentration, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Part VIII - Label Warnings, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Part VIII - Maximum Concentration, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Third Schedule - Part III, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Third Schedule - Part V, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Third Schedule - Part VI, Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Third Schedule - Part VII, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene - Coloring Agents Exempted from the Allowed Use with Prescribed Restrictions from Noted Countries, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene - Maximum Allowable Limits of Preservatives, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene - Maximum Residue Limits of Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetics, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene - Prohibited Ingredients in Cosmetics, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene - Stipulated Coloring Agents - Class 1, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene - Stipulated Coloring Agents - Class 2, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene - Stipulated Coloring Agents - Class 3, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene - Stipulated Coloring Agents - Class 4, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Cosmetic Ingredients with Restrictions - Maximum Allowable Limits, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Cosmetic Ingredients with Restrictions - Warnings on Label, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Cosmetic Ingredients with Specific Use - Antiperspirant & Deodorant - Restrictions, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Cosmetic Ingredients with Specific Use - Hair Dye - Restrictions, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Cosmetic Ingredients with Specific Use - Other Products - Restrictions, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Cosmetic Ingredients with Specific Use - Perm Agent - Restrictions, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Cosmetic Ingredients with Specific Use - Sunscreen - Restrictions, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Cosmetic Ingredients with Specific Use - Warnings on Label, Taiwan - Cosmetic Hygiene and Safety Act - Preservatives in Cosmetics with Restriction - Warnings on Label, Thailand - Cosmetics - Prohibited Substances, Thailand - Cosmetics - Required Statements on Label, Thailand - Cosmetics - Required Warning Statements on the Label of Preservative-Containing Cosmetics, Thailand - Cosmetics - Required Warning Statements on the Label of UV Filters-Containing Cosmetics, Thailand - Cosmetics - Restricted Substances, Thailand - Cosmetics - Warning Statements on the Label, Thailand - Cosmetics - Warning Statements on the Label of Cannabis and Hemp-Containing Cosmetics, Thailand - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air Standards - 1 Year, Thailand - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air Standards - 24 Hours, Belgium - Toy Safety - Allergenic Fragrances with Required Labelling, Belgium - Toy Safety - Prohibited Allergenic Fragrances, Council of Europe - Flavouring Substances - Category of Flavouring Substances, Council of Europe - Flavouring Substances - Council of Europe Numbers, Council of Europe - Flavouring Substances - Proposed Practical Upper Levels for Beverages, Council of Europe - Safety of Tattoos and PMU - Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic and Sensitising Substances, Council of Europe - Safety of Tattoos and PMU - Maximum Allowed Concentrations of Impurities, Cyprus - Air Quality - Ozone Precursors - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Denmark - Substances Prohibited in Cosmetic Products Intended for Children under 3 years, EU - Biocides (1062/2014) - Annex II Part 1 - Supported Substances, EU - Biocides (1062/2014) - Annex II Part 2 - Combinations Not Supported, EU - Biocides (2007/565/EC) - Substances and Product-Types Not to Be Included in Annexes I, IA and IB to Directive 98/8/EC, EU - Biocides (2014/227/EU) - Substances and Product-Types Not to Be Approved by 528/2012/EU, EU - Biocides (528/2012) - Annex I - Active Substances - Simplified Procedure, EU - Biocides (528/2012/EU) - Active Substances, EU - Biocides (98/8/EC) - Annex I - Active Substances - Expiry dates, EU - Biocides (98/8/EC) - Annex I - Active Substances - Minimum Purity, EU - Biocides (98/8/EC) - Annex I - Active Substances - Product Type, EU - Biocides (98/8/EC) - Annex I - Active Substances - Specific Provisions, EU - Biocides (98/8/EC) - Annex IA - Active Substances - Low-Risk Biocidal Products - Minimum Purity, EU - Biocides (98/8/EC) - Annex IA - Active Substances - Low-Risk Biocidal Products - Specific Provisions, EU - Cosmetics - Glossary of Common Ingredient Names for Use in Labelling (INCI) (1223/2009), EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex II - Prohibited Substances, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex III - Conditions of Use and Warnings, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex III - Field of Application and/or Use, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex III - Fragrance Allergens - Specific Labelling Requirements, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex III - Maximum Authorised Concentration, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex III - Other Limitations and Requirements, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex IV - Colouring Agents - Field of Application, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex IV - Colouring Agents - Maximum Authorised Concentration, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex IV - Colouring Agents - Other Limitations and Requirements, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex V - Preservatives - Conditions of Use and Warnings, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex V - Preservatives - Field of Application and/or Use, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex V - Preservatives - Maximum Authorised Concentration, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex V - Preservatives - Other Limitations and Requirements, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex VI - UV Filters - Maximum Authorised Concentration, EU - Cosmetics (1223/2009) - Annex VI - UV Filters - Other Limitations and Requirements, EU - Database of Flavouring Substances (1565/2000/EC) - FLAVIS Numbers, EU - Flavourings (1334/2008/EC) - Annex I - Community List - Purity Criteria, EU - Flavourings (1334/2008/EC) - Annex I - Community List - Restrictions of Use, EU - Flavourings (1334/2008/EC) - Annex III - Prohibited Substances, EU - Flavourings (1334/2008/EC) - Annex IV - Restrictions to Source Materials, EU - Flavourings (1334/2008/EC) - Annex V - Maximum Levels for Substances in Thermal Process Flavourings, EU - Inventory of Cosmetic Ingredients Directive (INCI) (76/768/EEC) - Other Ingredients, EU - Inventory of Cosmetic Ingredients Directive (INCI) (76/768/EEC) - Perfume and Aromatic Materials, EU - REACH (1907/2006) - Annex XVII - Restrictions on Certain Dangerous Substances, EU - REACH (1907/2006) - Appendix 13 - Restricted Substances and Specific Concentration Limits, EU - REACH (1907/2006) - Article 59(1) - Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) for Authorisation, EU - Safety of Toys (2009/48/EC) - Allergenic Fragrances Prohibited in Toys, EU - Safety of Toys (2009/48/EC) - Allergenic Fragrances with Required Labeling, Finland - Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Substances - Mineral Oil, Natural Gas, Coal and Tar Based Products, France - Toy Safety - Allergenic Fragrances with Required Labelling, France - Toy Safety - Prohibited Allergenic Fragrances, Greece - Toy Safety - Allergenic Fragrances Prohibited in Toys, Greece - Toy Safety - Allergenic Fragrances with Required Labeling, Inventory - European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS), Inventory - European Union - European List of Notified Chemical Substances (ELINCS), Luxembourg - Toy Safety - Allergenic Fragrances with Required Labelling, Luxembourg - Toy Safety - Prohibited Allergenic Fragrances, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cleaning - Non Wash Polish/Wash-and-Wax Products - Fragrances, O8, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cleaning - Wash Polish/Wash-and-Wax Products - Fragrances, O19, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Aluminium in Leave-on Cosmetics (O16), Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Classification of Ingoing Substances - Exemptions, O4, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Classification of Ingoing Substances, O4, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Colorants - Bioaccumulation, O10, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Enzymes, O12, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Fragrances (O9), Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - IFRA, O7, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Metals in Colourants for Decorative Cosmetics and Hair Dyes (O11), Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Nanomaterials (O5), Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Polymers, O15, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Preservatives and Antibacterial Substances, O13, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Products for Infants, Babies and Children, O8, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Prohibited Substances, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - Surfactants, O6, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - General Requirements - UV Filters, O14, Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - Specific Requirements for Certain Product Types - Prohibited Substances (O23 and O25), Nordic Swan Ecolabel - Cosmetics - Specific Requirements for Certain Product Types (O21 and O22), Norway - Safety of Toys - Allergenic Fragrances Prohibited in Toys, Norway - Safety of Toys - Allergenic Fragrances with Required Labeling, Romania - Safety of Toys - Allergenic Fragrances Prohibited in Toys, Romania - Safety of Toys - Allergenic Fragrances with Required Labelling, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) - Final Opinions Publication Date - 2012 to Present, South Africa - Cosmetics - Annex I - Prohibited Substances, South Africa - Cosmetics - Annex II - Part 1 - Conditions of Use and Warnings, South Africa - Cosmetics - Annex II - Part 1 - Field of Application and/or Use, South Africa - Cosmetics - Annex II - Part 1 - Maximum Authorised Concentration in the Finished Product, South Africa - Cosmetics - Annex II - Part 1 - Other Limitations and Requirements, South Africa - Cosmetics - Annex II - Part 2 - Conditions of Use and Warnings, South Africa - Cosmetics - Annex II - Part 2 - Field of Application and/or Use, South Africa - Cosmetics - Annex II - Part 2 - Maximum Authorised Concentration in the Finished Product, Sweden - Safety of Toys - Allergenic Fragrances Prohibited in Toys, Sweden - Safety of Toys - Allergenic Fragrances with Required Labeling, Switzerland - Biocides - Annex II - Active Substances - Minimum Purity, Switzerland - Biocides - Annex II - Active Substances - Product Type, Switzerland - Biocides - Annex II - Active Substances - Specific Provisions, Switzerland - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - Group I, Switzerland - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - Group II, Turkey - Safety of Toys - Allergenic Fragrances Prohibited in Toys, UK - GB Biocides Regulation - Active Substances, UK - GB Biocides Regulation - Active Substances - Simplified Status Procedure, UK - GB Biocides Regulation - Supported Substances, UK - GB REACH - Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) for Authorisation, UK - GB REACH - Dangerous Substances - Azocolourants - Appendix 8 and 9, UK - GB REACH - Restrictions on Certain Dangerous Substances, UK - GB REACH - Substances Subject to Authorization - Annex 14, ASEAN and MERCOSUR Cosmetics requirements, Evaluate selected global regulatory lists including: Prop 65, Canadian Hotlist, Japan Cosmetics Standards and hundreds more, Identify retailer ingredient restrictions, View natural and organic certifications of qualified products.