In 2019 Case Antiques successfully sold a 59-piece flatware set in the Audubon pattern for $10,880 (buyers premium incl. When I held it between my fingers, the bottom flexed appreciably and made a popping sound. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The first date letter M (Old English) used by Tiffanys represented Edward C. Every piece of authentic Tiffany jewelry is stamped with the Tiffany & Co mark, as well as the metals purity percentage mark. Let us tell someone special what youre wishing for. The main barrier to student comprehension, Cognitive Processing and the WJ III for Reading Disability Identification March 5, 2010 NASP Convention, Chicago Presenters: Nancy Mather & Barbara Wendling Topics What is a specific reading disability (dyslexia)? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. I was unable to find that pattern number on www.replacements.com. In 1869 Tiffany, the companys first flatware pattern, premiered and the firm moved to new and larger quarters on Union Square. 1850, all other overseas business was done under the name of Tiffany & Co. Netflix released The SPY trailer starring Sacha Baron Cohen . L.C. will always hallmark their pieces to indicate the metal purity, Rodrigo notes. (U.S. standard at the time was only 900/1000). The item you've selected was not added to your cart. The goods were made mostly by New York City silversmiths and often bore their makers marks, as well as the Tiffany retailers mark. For the honest dealer and collector, it clearly amounts to double trouble. Some of the most coveted pieces however, are the mixed metal examples from the late 19th century. Purchases can be returned or exchanged within 30 days; plus shipping is on us. Ill be sure to update if I find any more information. Though there are certainly collectors for the more modern patterns, such as Elsa Perettis stylish Padova line, it is the ornate patterns that garner the most attention in the secondary market. I have a better book nowthat mark was in use from 1902 until 1907. Reprinted from Silver in America Dallas Museum of Art/Charles L. Venable. With help of an expert in this matter, I was able to ascertain that the pieces had been made by electroforming (a 10X loupe will reveal small pores in the metal, a clear signature of that process). Vintage Sterling Silver Bamboo Pattern Sauce Ladle by Tiffany & Co. Set of 6 Antique Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Ice Cream Forks - Colonial Pattern, Tiffany & Co. Broom Corn Pattern Large Sterling Silver Salad Set, Tiffany & Co. Sterling Vine Pattern Salad Set, Antique Victorian Sterling Silver Water Jug, Antique Sterling Silver Lidded Beer / Water Jug, Antique Tiffany & Co. John Polhamus Sterling Silver Homeric Etruscan Medallion Pattern Spoons Set of 10, Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Clam Shell Berry Spoon in the Broom Corn Pattern, Set/8 Antique Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Citrus Spoon - English King Pattern | No Monogram, Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Teaspoon - Bamboo Pattern | 45 Grams, Set/5 Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver 6.75" Dessert - Luncheon Fork - English King Pattern | Monogram AHA, Antique Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Blackberry Pattern Berry Spoon (B), Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Ruffled Bowl Gravy Ladle With Broom Corn Pattern, Sterling Silver Tiffany Centerpiece Compote, RARE Tiffany & Co. C.1872 Sterling Silver Asparagus Tongs - Persian Pattern | No Monogram, Tiffany & Co. sterling silver cutlery set of 11 in a Florentine pattern, Vintage Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Key Ring, Antique Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Persian Pattern Flat Handle Bright Cut Master Butter Knife with Mono, Mid-Century Newport Sterling Silver Water Goblet Trophy, Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Heart Bookmark, Tiffany & Co. Clinton Pattern Small Bon Bon Spoon, Tiffany & Co. Steel Flatware Botanical Lotus Flower Pattern 6 knives, Small Tiffany Sterling Silver Photo Picture Frame, Sterling Silver Tiffany Barware Service / 12 People, Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Bowl Pierced in Raspberry pattern c.a. Moore was a cultured man, an avid world traveler and collector of art and objects of the Near & Far East. The inspiration was the Tiffany archivesstill in Parsippanywith a particular nod to Gene Moore, the companys beloved window designer, whose displays created whimsical collisions between the precious and the everyday: a pearl necklace spilling out of a Chinese takeout container, a flawless diamond perched above an enormous block of ice. The newest version is due to be released this June, and I have been asked many questions regarding the changes and my observations concerning possible adoption and training. From the outside, InTech seems like any other small charter school. .css-1du65oy{color:#323232;display:block;font-family:NewParis,Georgia,Times,serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0.3125rem;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1du65oy:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.2;}}15 Best Wedding Gifts When There is No Registry, Martha Stewart is Hosting Her First-Ever Tag Sale, Charcuterie Boards to Make Entertaining Easy. Telltale Games, home of Batman and The Walking Deadseries, reanimated. The directorship initial stamp was discontinued around 1965, however, Tiffany & Co. has recently begun re-incorporating the directors marks with reinstituted patterns, so use caution when exercising this dating method. It took almost six months. After the absorption of the Moore silversmithing firm into Tiffany & Co., pieces included the initial of the last name of the Artistic Director or the President of the firm at the time of creation. The luxury of the everyday, its unstudied elegance, is a constant in his vision. Hollowware relocated to Parsippany, New Jersey, in 1985, and then to Rhode Island. Those sets were not stamped with the Tiffany & Co. silver marks. Order numbers identified a specific order for one or more pieces. A few months ago, Beverly Bremer from Atlanta contacted me about a water set (Fig. As with all new clients, she asked for his driver's license and telephone number (which turned out to be incorrect) and had him sign her customary form asserting that "this merchandise belongs to me free and clear of any liens." Something went wrong. After his death, the date letters were based on the initial of the current Tiffany president. backgrounderId=2), 5. The Tiffany Makers create the Loring Tea Set at the companys Hollowware Department, in Cumberland, Rhode Island. ALL BIDDERS MUST AGREE THAT THEY HAVE READ AND UNDERSTOOD BONHAMS' CONDITIONS OF SALE AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THEM, AND AGREE TO PAY THE BUYER'S PREMIUM AND ANY OTHER CHARGES MENTIONED IN THE NOTICE TO BIDDERS. There are also bone china and cut crystal pieces, piggy banks, and cashmere blankets. With their own source of silver as well as silverplate, Tiffany & Co. was to become one of the major retailers of silver products in America. The first date letter M used by Tiffanys represented Edward C. Moore, who was the head of Tiffany's silver operations until 1891. 1) she had purchased, stamped with recognizable Tiffany marks, about whose authenticity she was having serious doubts. I have seen a few tea sets in the Japanesque taste that, from a distance, appeared to be in the style of Tiffany silver. This is one of several marks that signify sterling silver. TIFFANY STERLING SILVER MARKS Authentic Tiffany silver holloware and flatware is generally marked Tiffany & Co and generally includes date letters indicating the period it was made. Real Or Repro is an industry resource powered by, Victorian Silverplate Lidded Water Pitcher w/ Embossed & Etched Floral Pattern, Rare Antique Silver Plated Water Pitcher from The Hotel Statler, Tiffany & Co.. Sterling Silver flatware-Flemish pattern, Tiffany & Co. sterling silver cutlery set in a Florentine pattern, Antique Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Spoon in the "Vine Gourd" Pattern, Antique Tiffany & Co. 9" Sterling Silver "Clover" Pattern Bowl, Antique Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Asparagus Server - Chrysanthemum Pattern, Antique Sterling Silver Tiffany & Co. Ice Tongs in the Bead Pattern, Antique Silver Plated Water Pitcher from The Palace Hotel in San Francisco, Vintage Tiffany Sterling Silver Serving Spoon Bamboo Pattern, Tiffany & Co. 1891 Charles L. Tiffany English King pattern server tray in .925 sterling silver, Tiffany Key Holder with Heart in Tiffany Bag, Antique Tiffany & Co.. Sterling Silver Clover Pattern Fruit Bowl, Set of 8 Antique Tiffany and Co Sterling Silver Soup Spoons - Colonial Pattern, Vintage Tiffany & Co. Faneuil Pattern Sterling Silver Cheese Knife Bar Opener, Tiffany Sterling Silver Cocktail Forks - Persian Pattern - Initial W, Large Antique Tiffany and Co Sterling Silver Vermeil 10.25" Serving Fork and Spoon with Broom Corn Pattern, Exquisite 19th Century Tiffany & Co. Sterling Spoon Multi Vine Pattern Gourd, Tiffany Sterling Silver Master Salt Spoon Pattern 145. Very pretty dish! The flowers are lily of the valley. Let me explain: We didnt have too many books in the migrant, Question: I have taught elementary and currently teach middle school language arts. Pattern numbers can also aid in date identification. The plating sticks to the conductive coating applied in Step 2. A few days later upon further examination, she began to have doubts about the construction of the set and asked me to help her verify whether it was, in fact, by Tiffany. While browsing around antique shows. Perhaps some of our readers can help with your pattern? Thanks to Connie McNally, editor, Silver Magazine. Every item on this page was chosen by a Town & Country editor. VAT at the current rate of 20% will be added to the Buyer's Premium and charges excluding Artists Resale Right. Collection of Mr. & Mrs. Alexander C. Speyer III. The examples below illustrate the positions of pattern and order numbers with X's. As the flatware examples dont often come up for auction, they frequently see the high-end of three figures to four figures per piece. However, this school has had the highest ACT scores in Cache Valley for the last three years and was designated the top high school in Utah by Newsweek and U.S. World News in 2011 (Sargsyan, 2011& U.S. News, 2013). Academic language is the language of textbooks, in classrooms, and on tests. 26). If you are interested in consigning in future auctions, please contact the specialist department. Tiffany & Co. was founded by Charles L. Tiffany (b.1812-d.1902). Her experience in politics includes positions on many committees and commissions, eight years with the state legislature, and she served as the Lieutenant Governor for Michael Leavitt. Other sterling silver tabletop pieces will vary based on size, level of condition and silver weight. Tiffany wanted to break away from the traditional bezel-setting by lifting the stone off the band, which resulted in highlighting the brilliant-cut stone. Trademarks and trade names are entirely different for the companies founded by each. Thats all I can help with though!! Any help would be greatly appreciated! THIS AFFECTS THE BIDDERS LEGAL RIGHTS. 18K gold will be stamped with 750, sterling silver with 925 and platinum with 950. For Tiffany & Co. s Rubedo collection, which is made with a hybrid metal, pieces will simply be stamped with the word metal.. Pattern numbers were taken from the original drawing of a piece or set of pieces (pattern numbers do not refer to decoration). This set was stamped with marks for the Russian maker Pavel Ovchinnikov and dated to the 1880's. and cookie policies for more information. Sterling is the highest-quality worked silver and usually brings higher sale prices. Subject to CITES regulations when exporting items outside of the EU, see clause 13. The level of wear on the item should help determine the true age. When you see things made by hand with integrity, you define luxury differently. There will be a tea set in every one of his collections. They are the artisans employed in Tiffanys Hollowware Department, a select group varying in age and background that works hours away from .css-gegin5{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#9a0500;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-gegin5:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Tiffanys Trump Toweradjacent flagship storeon Fifth Avenue and is charged with preserving one of the great and longest-lasting traditions of craftsmanship in America. http://www.silver-collector.com/topic432.html, Welcome back, Lauren! Analytical cookies collect data anonymously, about how visitors use our site and how it performs. You should contact Tiffany and they may be able to match a pattern name to the number. It certainly does appear to be Lily of the Valley, now if only I could find another Tiffany & Co. piece with the same design. privacy Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver 1872 Vine Pattern Tomato Server with Daisies, Antique Victorian Sterling Silver Water Pitcher / Jug (1847), Antique American Coin Silver Water Pitcher Circa 1850, Antique Sterling Silver Wine / Water Jug (1869), Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Center Bowl, Paloma Picasso for Tiffany & Co. Open Sterling Sugar, Rare Custom Pattern Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Paper Knife, circa 1890, Set of 7 Tiffany & Co. Windham Pattern Sterling Silver Teaspoons, Sterling silver 5 pints water jug by Towle Silversmiths, Antique Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Blackberry Pattern Berry Casserole Spoon, FB Rogers Silverplate Water Goblet, 12 Available, Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Faneuil Wax Rotary Phone Dialer, Antique Tiffany & Co Silver Plate Skewers, Antique Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Strawberry Pattern Berry Casserole Spoon Gold Wash Bowl, Vintage Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Notepad Holder, Vintage Tiffany & Co. Sterling Silver Man in the Moon Baby Rattle. Sterling silver flatware depending on level of ornamentation will see anywhere from two to four figures per piece. What is feedback and how can it help? It is different in structure and vocabulary from the everyday spoken English of social interactions. Thanks very much! The unwavering popularity of Tiffany & Co. is due, not only to their dedication to high-quality stones and fabrication but also to their ability to adapt to the ever-fluctuating popularity of designs throughout the decades. I have yet to find anything matching the pattern number or the design online. She certainly understands and emulates leadership. But this school has a lot more to offer st, Powered by Wordpress Designed & developed by Alex Pascal, Least Restrictive Behavioral Interventions, Serious Emotional & Behavior Disorder (SED), Social Competence & Social Skills Instruction, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). For more than two decades, we have made dedicated efforts to responsibly source the precious materials we use in our jewelry. I have also spent a lot of time on Replacements.com searching for the same pattern number, and I think I have browsed through just about every Tiffany pattern they have! With the exception of a few presentations pieces from the turn of the century that are stamped without these numbers, Tiffany almost always included pattern and order numbers along with the firm's name and metal content as part of their mark (see examples pg 28). Recently, I heard from a former student of mine, Ashley. And quality takes time. There are two spinners, eight silversmiths, and five finishers in the Hollowware Department. Right away I knew I was talking to the right person. However, in this case the pattern and order numbers are missing. By this time his reputation as a designer was already well established, having redecorated the White House at the request of President Chester A. Arthur in 1882. Tray by Pavel Ovchinnikov, Moscow, Russia, 1884. Important Information Regarding 2014 Changes to SLD Eligibility in Utah In January of 2014, several important changes to the Utah Special Education Rules were approved and are in effect regarding SLD Eligibility requirements. I cant imagine handing out a text of the same difficult, Introduction: It seems obvious that all of us need feedback if we really want to reach a goal, improve our skill set, or raise our performance. What do the numbers mean on Tiffany jewelry? Fig 6. According to Bremer, a man by the name of F.A. This auction is now finished. You cannot imagine how shocked I was to learn that a city-wide reading program such as Salt Lake City Reads Together took three books (one of them being mine) and will focus on them for six months. Gold jewelry by Elsa Peretti often see four figures, particularly the Bone cuffs, the Mesh necklaces and the Claw necklaces. Stylized oyster shells and rippled borders grace this elegant pattern inspired by the sea. A less ornamented pattern, such as Windham or Clinton will generally see around $50 a piece. Since the case bore the same initials as the seller's last name, she did not question its provenance. Sixteen years have passed since I last talked to Ashley. "People dont know this exists. Reed Krakoff, Tiffany & Co.s recently appointed chief artistic officer, is referring to the building were standing in, a rather run-of-the-mill-looking manufacturing facility in Cumberland, Rhode Island. It is here that American made silver finally took its place alongside the Tiffany name. Use the address dates below to cross reference date letters; if they don't agree, be suspicious. Wave Edge gravy ladle in sterling silver. Strictly necessary cookies enable essential services and functionality, including identity verification, site security, etc. The modern M was in use ca. Ages ago I posted looking for an estimate on a Tiffany & Co. dish I have and I was wondering if anyone would be able to help me identify the pattern. - for PayPal Credit, opens in a new window or tab, Learn more about earning points with eBay Mastercard, - eBay Return policy - opens in a new tab or window, - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new tab or window. Fig 5. For Krakoff, watching the process informs future work. While visiting a collector in a related field, I noticed in his cabinet a four-piece water set very similar in style to the illustrated set. Original Estimate Post: Silver, gold or other metals are applied to the model by electroplating. About Tiffany & Co., Tiffany & Co. For The Press | About Tiffany & Co. | Frank Gehry | United States|, accessed July 29, 2020, http://press.tiffany.com/ViewBackgrounder.aspx?4. The firms started by L.C. Seeing all this helps me design things that are resolved. At the time, she thought his price of $9,500 was a fair amount to pay for such a set. In 1886, Charles Lewis Tiffany introduced the Tiffany Setting, forever revolutionizing the design of engagement rings. Not long after winning that accolade the workshop moved from its Prince Street headquarters to Newark, New Jersey, which was, for more than a century, the jewelry capital of America. I want to tell you something that isnt in that book I wrote but I want you to know. Tray from water set on front cover with faked Tiffany & Co. hallmarks. Once again, thanks. With the exception of Tiffany, Reed & Co., Paris, ca. Look for the digits .925 impressed into the metal. The Tiffany & Co. Timeline, The Tiffany & Co. Timeline | Tiffany & Co., accessed July 29, 2020, https://www.tiffany.com/world-of-tiffany/the-world-of-tiffany-timeline/), 3. Charles L. Tiffany was the father of Louis Comfort Tiffany (b.1848-d.1933) who became famous in his own right. Gold jewelry by Frank Gehry frequently see four figures, while his unadorned sterling silver examples generally see three. Antique US Sterling Silver Platters & Trays. Makers Marks and Date Indicators There are many variations in the makers marks used by Tiffany & Co., the examples illustrated are intended to give a basic guideline to the holloware markings. It is now a condominium called Tiffany Manor. In 2006, architect Frank Gehry launched an exclusive jewelry collection that fused his expressive architectural style with combinations of precious metals, wood, and stone. This lot contains or is made of ivory and cannot be imported into the USA or any country within the EU. To date, there has been very little specific information released regarding the newest incarnation of the Woodcock suite of assessments. First and foremost, the EP stands for electroplated silver. Krakoff sketched the five-piece set (sugar spoon, sugar dish, creamer, teapot, and tray) from his memory of an image of Lorings design he had admired in a book years before he himself had any association with the brand. The stamps on the underside of each piece of the water set (Fig. The pieces will include sterling silver protractors, rulers, a drinking straw, a first aid kit, and a paper cup. Would the bevel on its base sit correctly on a coffee table? It was by serendipity that I found what may have been the original set. Authentic Tiffany silver holloware and flatware is generally marked Tiffany & Co and generally includes date letters indicating the year it was made. When I examined the tray (Fig. How do Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Factors relate to reading difficulties? Where can I find list of Tiffany date indicators? The style of the date letter is incorrect for the time period in which original Japanese-style Tiffany silver was made. About the same time, Tiffany hired away Thomas Shaw of Gorham to do silverplating. Tiffanys Newark building, 820 Highland Avenue, had two towers, several interior courtyards, and a fortress-like setting, according to New Jerseys historic preservation office. For all Sales categories, buyer's premium excluding Cars, Motorbikes, Wine, Whisky and Coin & Medal sales, will be as follows: Buyer's Premium Rates27.5% on the first 20,000 of the hammer price; 26% of the hammer price of amounts in excess of 20,000 up to and including 700,000; 20% of the hammer price of amounts in excess of 700,000 up to and including 4,500,000; and 14.5% of the hammer price of any amounts in excess of 4,500,000. Shop gifts for her. From reading I went to writing. 11,250 Her sterling silver and plain gold jewelry often see two to three figures. Fig 1. Tiffany ceased at his death in 1933. Although announcements for the changes were made months ago, the UPDC continues to receive inquiries asking for guidance in regards to the removal of the 93% likelihood requirement. Ornamented gold jewelry, particularly necklaces and the bolder earrings, by Paloma Picasso will often see four figures with a narrow potential for five. It measures in at 5 1/4 inches in diameter and 3/4 of an inch high. Available exclusively at Tiffany.com, the New York flagship and select Tiffany stores. Close up of new water pitcher. Photos by Richard P. Goodbody unless noted otherwise. Tiffany Barrel Stamp Dispenser Sterling Never Monogrammed! View cart for details. This lot has been removed from the website, please contact customer services for more information. It was packed in a Tiffany & Co. leather suitcase with the initials "BBB" on the outside. Previously Uncle Vic suggested that it dates from as early as 1902. I participated in, WJ III/WJ IV Oral Language/Achievement Discrepancy Procedure Useful for ruling in or ruling out oral language as a major contributing cause of academic failure in reading/written expression Compares oral language ability with specific reading/written expression cluster scores Administer WJ III Oral Language Cluster subtests (# 3, 4, 14, 15 in achievement battery) Administer selected WJ III Achievement Cluster subtests (Basic Reading, Reading Comprehension, Written Expre, Specific Learning Disabilities and the Language of Learning: Explicit, Systematic Teaching of Academic Vocabulary What is academic language? One thing that has been bothersome since I began teaching middle school is a lack of differentiating instruction to students needs. The department was already long established by then, beginning with Tiffanys acquisition of John C. Moore, New Yorks most prominent silversmith, in 1851. Electroforming is a method capable of creating metal plated objects from nonmetal models. Do you want to shop the U.S. site? Editor-in-Chief Stellene Volandes is a jewelry expert, and the author of Jeweler: Masters and Mavericks of Modern Design (Rizzoli). Order and pattern numbers are missing. Tiffany, and his friend John Young, opened his first New York store in 1837. Decoration is raised or repousse. Close up of forged mark. Antique silver plated teapot, hot water pot, c1910's. Since 2013 that population has included 15 of the finest silversmiths on the planet, men and women who alone have the ability to stamp Maker on the bottom of the Vince Lombardi Trophy, or the U.S. Open cup, or solid silver bowls chased with Tiffanys famed Audubon patterns, first introduced in 1875. If the piece is bright and shiny with virtually no scratches, your item could be a recent production. Getting the Fundamentals Right: Significant Dis Parent to Parent: Helping Your Child with LD Th Special Education SLD Eligibility Changes, WJ III, WJ IV Oral Language/Achievement Discrepancy Procedure, Specific Learning Disabilities and the Language of Learning, Cognitive Processing and the WJ III for Reading Disability (Dyslexia) Identification, Differentiating for Text Difficulty under Common Core, Feedback Structures Coach Students to Improve Math Achievement, Leadership Qualities and Teacher Leadership: An Interview with Olene Walker, InTech Collegiate High School: A Legacy of Partnership and Service Creating Success for All Students, PDF Versions of the Utah Special Educator. Vintage and antique Tiffany & Co. silver pieces will carry a few clues to help you uncover the year in which it was created. Order numbers are usually on the right side or lower part of the mark. Inspired by the simplicity and harmony of the natural world, the duo broke away from the Victorian eras favor of opulence and moved towards the newly emerging American style for their wares. Silver with mixed metals. "There is nothing boom boom about this.". And there was the matter of making the teapot water-tight, since ultimately it would have to hold eight cups of hot liquid. Pieces with apparent tarnish, scratches or dings show more evidence of decades of use. Monograms are a common addition to flatware sets, particularly the older ones, so serious collectors and auction results are often not deterred by them. If you have any complaints or questions about the Conditions of Sale, please contact your nearest customer services team. Gwyneth Paltrow's Cooking Tools, Rifle Paper Co. Launches a Furniture Collection, Kelly Wearstler's Go-To Antique Fair is in Texas. Decoration on Tiffany Japanesque originals is made separately and applied, applique. In 1868, Tiffany purchased the silver works of John & Edward Moore. It is not just decoration, he says. As some designs were used for many years, this number can only provide the earliest date, however, in conjunction with the aforementioned initials, one can narrow down the date range.